2005ApJ...618..919G

This paper explores the effects of post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) winds driven solely by magnetic pressure from the stellar surface. It is found that winds can reach high speeds under this assumption and lead to the formation of highly collimated proto-planetary nebulae. Bipolar knotty jets with periodic features and constant velocity are well reproduced by the models. Several wind models with terminal velocities from a few tens of km/s up to 10³ km/s are calculated, yielding outflows with linear momenta in the range 10³⁶-10⁴⁰ g.cm/s, and kinetic energies in the range 10⁴²-10⁴⁷ ergs. These results are in accord with recent observations of proto-planetary nebulae that have pointed out serious energy and momentum deficits if radiation pressure is considered as the only driver for these outflows. Our models strengthen the notion that the large mass loss rates of post-AGB stars, together with the short transition times from the late AGB to the planetary nebula stage, could be directly linked with the generation of strong magnetic fields during this transition stage.