2021ApJ...909..104H

Query : 2021ApJ...909..104H

2021ApJ...909..104H - Astrophys. J., 909, 104-104 (2021/March-2)

Modeling the in-orbit background of PolarLight.

HUANG J., FENG H., LI H., LONG X., YANG D., ZENG W., WU Q., JIANG W., MINUTI M., COSTA E., MULERI F., CITRARO S., NASIMI H., YU J., JIN G., ZENG Z., ZENG M., AN P., BALDINI L., BELLAZZINI R., BREZ A., LATRONICO L., SGRO C., SPANDRE G., PINCHERA M. and SOFFITTA P.

Abstract (from CDS):

PolarLight is a gas pixel X-ray polarimeter mounted on a CubeSat, which was launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit in 2018 October. We build a mass model of the whole CubeSat with the Geant4 toolkit to simulate the background induced by the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) and high-energy charged particles in the orbit. The simulated energy spectra and morphologies of event images both suggest that the background measured with PolarLight is dominated by high-energy electrons, with a minor contribution from protons and the CXB. The simulation reveals that, in the energy range 2-8 keV, roughly 28% of background events are caused by energy deposited by a secondary electron with an energy of a few keV, in a physical process identical to the detection of X-rays. Thus, this fraction of the background cannot be discriminated from X-ray events. The background distribution is uneven on the detector plane, with an enhancement near the edges. The edge effect occurs because high-energy electrons tend to produce long tracks, which are discarded by the readout electronics unless energy is partially deposited near the edges. The internal background rate is expected to be around 6 x 10–3 counts s–1 cm–2 at 2-8 keV if an effective particle discrimination algorithm can be applied. This indicates that the internal background should be negligible for future focusing X-ray polarimeters with a focal size of the order of millimeters.

Abstract Copyright: © 2021. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): X-ray detectors - X-ray astronomy - Space telescopes - Polarimetry

Simbad objects: 1

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Number of rows : 1
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 M 1 SNR 05 34 30.9 +22 00 53           ~ 6202 1

Query : 2021ApJ...909..104H

Basic data :
M 1 -- SuperNova Remnant
Origin of the objects types :

(Ref) Object type as listed in the reference "Ref"
(acronym) Object type linked to the acronym according to the original reference
() Anterior to 2007, before we can link the objet type to a reference, or given by the CDS team in some particular cases

Other object types: 		Rad (2C,3C,...), X (3A,2E,...), gam (2017ApJ,2AGL,...), SNR (2014BASI,AJG,...), HII (LBN,SH), Psr (2022ApJS), IR (IRAS)
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
ICRS coord. (ep=J2000) : 		05 34 30.9 +22 00 53 (Radio) [ 18500 18500 0 ] E 1995AuJPh..48..143S
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
FK4 coord. (ep=B1950 eq=1950) : 		05 31 30.3 +21 58 55 [ 18500 18500 0 ]
Syntax of coordinates is : "ra dec (wtype) [error ellipse] quality bibcode" :
  • ra dec : right ascension and declination (unit and frame defined according to your Output Options)
    Grey values are increasing the original precision due to the computation of frame transformations
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the coordinates (Rad, mm, IR, Optical, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • [error ellipse] : measurement uncertainty, on (ra,dec) if the positional angle is 90 degrees, on (majaxis,minaxis) otherwise (in mas at defined epoch in the original catalogue),
    position angle (in degrees North celestial pole to East)
  • quality : flag of quality
    • E ≥ 10"
    • D : 1-10" (and some old data)
    • C : 0.1-1"
    • B : 0.01-0.1" + 2MASS, Tyc
    • A : VLBI, Hipparcos
  • bibcode : bibcode of the coordinates reference
Gal coord. (ep=J2000) : 		184.5551 -05.7877 [ 18500 18500 0 ]
Syntax of angular size is : "maj-axis min-axis angle (wtype) quality bibcode"
  • maj-axis : major axis size (arc minutes)
  • min-axis : minor axis size (arc minutes)
  • angle : orientation angle (in degrees)
  • (wtype) : wavelength class for the origin of the angular size (Rad, mm, IR, Opt, UV, Xray, Gam)
  • quality : flag of quality of the angular size values ( A=best quality -> E=worst quality, {� } =unknown quality)
  • bibcode : bibcode of the angular size reference
Angular size (arcmin): 		7.0 5.0 ~ (Rad) D 2014BASI...42...47G
SIMBAD within arcmin
', {sourceSize:12, color:'#30a090'})); aladin.on('objectClicked', function(object) { var objName=object.data.MAIN_ID; aladin.showPopup(object.ra,object.dec,'',''+ objName+''); });" title="Show Simbad objects"> Overlay Simbad points in this preview
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notes:

Hierarchy : number of linked objects
whatever the membership probability is (see description here ) :

: 1 Display criteria :

The link on the acronym of the identifiers give access to the information for this acronym in the dictionary of nomenclature.
Identifiers (62) :
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M 1 2E 1309 1M 0531+219 SNR G184.6-05.8
3A 0531+219 2E 0531.5+2159 Mills 05+2A SWIFT J0534.6+2204
2AGL J0534+2205 eHWC J0534+220 NAME CRAB NEB SWIFT J0534.5+2200
AJG 1 1ES 0532+21.5 NAME Crab TeV J0534+220
ARGO J0535+2203 3FGL J0534.5+2201i NAME Crab Nebula 2U 0531+22
2C 481 4FGL J0534.5+2201i NAME Tau A 3U 0531+21
3C 144 3FHL J0534.5+2201 NAME Taurus A 4U 0531+21
3C 144.0 GRS G184.60 -05.80 NGC 1952 VRO 21.05.01
4C 21.19 1H 0531+219 NRAO 214 W 9
3CR 144 H 0534+21 NRL 2 X Tau X-1
CTA 36 H 0531+219 NVSS J053428+220202 X Tau XR-1
CTB 18 2HWC J0534+220 PBC J0534.5+2201 [BM83] X0531+219
Cul 0531+21 3HWC J0534+220 PKS 0531+219 [DGW65] 25
Cul 0531+219 IRAS 05314+2200 1RXS J053431.2+220218 [PT56] 5
DA 179 LBN 833 SH 2-244
DB 38 LBN 184.62-05.65 SIM 0531+21.0

References (6202 between 1850 and 2024) (Total 6202)
Simbad bibliographic survey began in 1850 for stars (at least bright stars) and in 1983 for all other objects (outside the solar system).
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Collections of Measurements


distance : 1    PLX : 1    PM : 1   

   

Observing logs


herschel : 8    ISO : 43    XMM : 21   

   

External archives :

Archive data at HEASARC - High-Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center

Data at NED - NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database : M 1

Link by name to the catalogue in VizieR :

3C 144 3C 144.0 4C 21.19 3CR 144 2E 1309
IRAS 05314+2200 NGC 1952 NVSS J053428+220202 PKS 0531+219 1RXS J053431.2+220218

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