2013A&A...549A..67G

Query : 2013A&A...549A..67G

2013A&A...549A..67G - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 549A, 67-67 (2013/1-1)

Herschel far-infrared observations of the Carina Nebula complex. II. The embedded young stellar and protostellar population.

GACZKOWSKI B., PREIBISCH T., RATZKA T., ROCCATAGLIATA V., OHLENDORF H. and ZINNECKER H.

Abstract (from CDS):

The Carina Nebula represents one of the largest and most active star forming regions known in our Galaxy. It contains numerous very massive (M>40M☉) stars that strongly affect the surrounding clouds by their ionizing radiation and stellar winds. Our recently obtained Herschel PACS and SPIRE far-infrared maps cover the full area (≃8.7deg2) of the Carina Nebula complex (CNC) and reveal the population of deeply embedded young stellar objects (YSOs), most of which are not yet visible in the mid- or near-infrared. We study the properties of the 642 objects that are independently detected as point-like sources in at least two of the five Herschel bands. For those objects that can be identified with apparently single Spitzer counterparts, we use radiative transfer models to derive information about the basic stellar and circumstellar parameters. We find that about 75% of the Herschel-detected YSOs are Class 0 protostars. The luminosities of the Herschel-detected YSOs with SED fits are restricted to values of ≤5400L☉, their masses (estimated from the radiative transfer modeling) range from ≃1M☉ to ≃10M☉. Taking the observational limits into account and extrapolating the observed number of Herschel-detected protostars over the stellar initial mass function suggest that the star formation rate of the CNC is ∼0.017M☉/year. The spatial distribution of the Herschel YSO candidates is highly inhomogeneous and does not follow the distribution of cloud mass. Rather, most Herschel YSO candidates are found at the irradiated edges of clouds and pillars. The far-infrared fluxes of the famous object η Car are about a factor of two lower than expected from observations with the Infrared Space Observatory obtained 15 years ago; this difference may be a consequence of dynamical changes in the circumstellar dust in the Homunculus Nebula around η Car. The currently ongoing star formation process forms only low-mass and intermediate-mass stars, but no massive (M>20M☉) stars. The characteristic spatial configuration of the YSOs provides support to the picture that the formation of this latest stellar generation is triggered by the advancing ionization fronts.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): stars: formation - circumstellar matter - stars: protostars - stars: luminosity function, mass function - ISM: individual objects: NGC 3372 - stars: individual: η Carinae

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/549/A67): tablea1.dat tableb1.dat tablec1.dat tabled1.dat>

Nomenclature: Tables A.1, B.1, C.1, D.1: [GPR2013] JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS N=1142.

Simbad objects: 91

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Number of rows : 91
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4418 0
2 RMC 136 Cl* 05 38 42.396 -69 06 03.36   5.81 5.40     ~ 2019 2
3 [GPR2013] J103442.9-593220 Y*O 10 34 42.9 -59 32 20           ~ 1 0
4 WISE J103446.55-593136.0 Y*O 10 34 46.55616 -59 31 36.0840           ~ 1 0
5 [GPR2013] J103653.5-600722 Y*O 10 36 53.5 -60 07 22           ~ 1 0
6 IC 2599 HII 10 37.7 -58 39           ~ 46 2
7 [GPR2013] J103916.7-601022 Y*O 10 39 16.7 -60 10 22           ~ 1 0
8 [GPR2013] J103921.3-590900 Y*O 10 39 21.3 -59 09 00           ~ 1 0
9 IRAS 10378-5938 Y*O 10 39 42.24 -59 53 40.9           ~ 2 0
10 [GPR2013] J103957.2-601442 Y*O 10 39 57.2 -60 14 42           ~ 1 0
11 [GPR2013] J104020.5-592557 Y*O 10 40 20.5 -59 25 57           ~ 1 0
12 [GPR2013] J104107.7-594215 Y*O 10 41 07.7 -59 42 15           ~ 1 0
13 [GPR2013] J104114.0-594157 Y*O 10 41 14.0 -59 41 57           ~ 1 0
14 2MASS J10411918-5932154 Y*O 10 41 19.1818546104 -59 32 15.419432184           ~ 2 0
15 [GPR2013] J104121.6-602835 Y*O 10 41 21.6 -60 28 35           ~ 1 0
16 2MASS J10413487-5922484 Y*O 10 41 34.85 -59 22 48.5           ~ 2 0
17 [GPR2013] J104134.9-594107 Y*O 10 41 34.9 -59 41 07           ~ 1 0
18 [GPR2013] J104145.8-591040 Y*O 10 41 45.8 -59 10 40           ~ 1 0
19 [GPR2013] J104146.6-594522 Y*O 10 41 46.6 -59 45 22           ~ 1 0
20 [GPR2013] J104200.5-593751 Y*O 10 42 00.5 -59 37 51           ~ 1 0
21 [GPR2013] J104256.6-593204 Y*O 10 42 56.6 -59 32 04           ~ 1 0
22 [GPR2013] J104257.6-592801 Y*O 10 42 57.6 -59 28 01           ~ 1 0
23 [GPR2013] J104304.8-593456 Y*O 10 43 04.8 -59 34 56           ~ 1 0
24 [GPR2013] J104305.3-593221 Y*O 10 43 05.3 -59 32 21           ~ 1 0
25 [GPR2013] J104307.8-593630 Y*O 10 43 07.8 -59 36 30           ~ 1 0
26 PCYC 179 Y*O 10 43 09.72 -59 24 55.3           ~ 4 0
27 [GPR2013] J104326.6-593154 Y*O 10 43 26.6 -59 31 54           ~ 1 0
28 [GPR2013] J104332.7-593116 Y*O 10 43 32.7 -59 31 16           ~ 1 0
29 [GPR2013] J104350.6-593924 Y*O 10 43 50.6 -59 39 24           ~ 1 0
30 2MASS J10435152-5955209 Y*O 10 43 51.5305754880 -59 55 21.165699504           ~ 3 0
31 [GPR2013] J104351.7-593957 Y*O 10 43 51.7 -59 39 57           ~ 1 0
32 Cl Trumpler 14 OpC 10 43 56.6 -59 33 11   5.70 5.5     ~ 509 0
33 HD 93129A SB* 10 43 57.4587319296 -59 32 51.394897284 6.46 7.478 7.310 7.84   O2If* 169 0
34 [GPR2013] J104359.7-593613 Y*O 10 43 59.7 -59 36 13           ~ 1 0
35 [GPR2013] J104400.7-593440 Y*O 10 44 00.7 -59 34 40           ~ 1 0
36 PCYC 417 Y*O 10 44 02.77 -59 08 49.4           ~ 2 0
37 2MASS J10440378-5940449 Y*O 10 44 03.7375784496 -59 40 44.693680188   18.882 17.859   16.635 ~ 3 0
38 [GPR2013] J104404.5-593747 Y*O 10 44 04.5 -59 37 47           ~ 1 0
39 [GPR2013] J104405.2-592459 Y*O 10 44 05.2 -59 24 59           ~ 1 0
40 [GPR2013] J104405.8-593657 Y*O 10 44 05.8 -59 36 57           ~ 1 0
41 2MASS J10440706-5908392 Y*O 10 44 07.0395569952 -59 08 39.139935072           ~ 3 0
42 [GPR2013] J104411.6-593225 Y*O 10 44 11.6 -59 32 25           ~ 1 0
43 [GPR2013] J104416.2-593237 Y*O 10 44 16.2 -59 32 37           ~ 1 0
44 IRAS 10423-6011 Y*O 10 44 17.9303378136 -60 27 45.140951412           B0 11 0
45 [GPR2013] J104420.5-593207 Y*O 10 44 20.5 -59 32 07           ~ 1 0
46 2MASS J10442449-5932037 Y*O 10 44 24.4812192456 -59 32 03.938205804   20.212 18.926   16.925 ~ 3 0
47 [GPR2013] J104426.3-593215 Y*O 10 44 26.3 -59 32 15           ~ 1 0
48 [GPR2013] J104429.3-594512 Y*O 10 44 29.3 -59 45 12           ~ 1 0
49 [GPR2013] J104435.3-604751 Y*O 10 44 35.3 -60 47 51           ~ 1 0
50 [GPR2013] J104436.0-595842 Y*O 10 44 36.0 -59 58 42           ~ 1 0
51 Cl Trumpler 15 OpC 10 44 42.5 -59 22 08           ~ 215 0
52 PCYC 666 Y*O 10 44 45.26 -59 55 55.6           ~ 3 0
53 [GPR2013] J104456.9-592014 Y*O 10 44 56.9 -59 20 14           ~ 1 0
54 [GPR2013] J104459.4-595214 Y*O 10 44 59.4 -59 52 14           ~ 1 0
55 Cl Trumpler 16 OpC 10 45 00.7 -59 42 00           ~ 484 0
56 [GPR2013] J104501.4-600210 Y*O 10 45 01.4 -60 02 10           ~ 1 0
57 [GPR2013] J104502.2-594933 Y*O 10 45 02.2 -59 49 33           ~ 1 0
58 NGC 3372 HII 10 45 02.23 -59 41 59.8           ~ 1014 2
59 NAME Homunculus Nebula ISM 10 45 03.5 -59 41 04           ~ 369 1
60 * eta Car Em* 10 45 03.545808 -59 41 03.95124 6.37 7.03 6.48 6.123 4.41 LBV 2440 0
61 [GPR2013] J104506.3-592013 Y*O 10 45 06.3 -59 20 13           ~ 1 0
62 2MASS J10451039-6002423 Y*O 10 45 10.3912942176 -60 02 42.353790720           ~ 4 0
63 [GPR2013] J104531.0-594429 Y*O 10 45 31.0 -59 44 29           ~ 1 0
64 [GPR2013] J104533.4-591152 Y*O 10 45 33.4 -59 11 52           ~ 1 0
65 [GPR2013] J104538.6-603613 Y*O 10 45 38.6 -60 36 13           ~ 1 0
66 [GPR2013] J104539.4-601249 Y*O 10 45 39.4 -60 12 49           ~ 1 0
67 2MASS J10453974-5957341 Y*O 10 45 39.7384349856 -59 57 34.025590152           ~ 3 0
68 [GPR2013] J104545.2-601706 Y*O 10 45 45.2 -60 17 06           ~ 1 0
69 [GPR2013] J104546.0-595854 Y*O 10 45 46.0 -59 58 54           ~ 1 0
70 [GPR2013] J104547.9-601406 Y*O 10 45 47.9 -60 14 06           ~ 1 0
71 [GPR2013] J104554.5-601826 Y*O 10 45 54.5 -60 18 26           ~ 1 0
72 [GPR2013] J104556.9-600607 Y*O 10 45 56.9 -60 06 07           ~ 1 0
73 [GPR2013] J104557.3-594740 Y*O 10 45 57.3 -59 47 40           ~ 1 0
74 [GPR2013] J104558.0-594620 Y*O 10 45 58.0 -59 46 20           ~ 1 0
75 2MASS J10455895-6010041 Y*O 10 45 58.94 -60 10 04.3           ~ 2 0
76 [GPR2013] J104559.6-600832 Y*O 10 45 59.6 -60 08 32           ~ 1 0
77 [GPR2013] J104600.1-600859 Y*O 10 46 00.1 -60 08 59           ~ 1 0
78 2MASS J10460008-6005121 Y*O 10 46 00.15 -60 05 11.8           ~ 3 0
79 [GPR2013] J104608.5-594524 Y*O 10 46 08.5 -59 45 24           ~ 1 0
80 2MASS J10461972-5956569 Y*O 10 46 19.65 -59 56 56.4           ~ 2 0
81 [GPR2013] J104645.0-594215 Y*O 10 46 45.0 -59 42 15           ~ 1 0
82 [GPR2013] J104655.2-600709 Y*O 10 46 55.2 -60 07 09           ~ 1 0
83 2MASS J10465626-6003287 Y*O 10 46 56.21 -60 03 28.8           ~ 2 0
84 2MASS J10470286-6025018 Y*O 10 47 02.87 -60 25 01.6           ~ 2 0
85 [GPR2013] J104704.7-600247 Y*O 10 47 04.7 -60 02 47           ~ 1 0
86 2MASS J10472491-6025571 Y*O 10 47 25.06 -60 25 56.9           ~ 2 0
87 [GPR2013] J104736.4-600209 Y*O 10 47 36.4 -60 02 09           ~ 1 0
88 PCYC 1304 Y*O 10 47 44.89 -60 27 26.9           ~ 2 0
89 [GPR2013] J104801.2-600436 Y*O 10 48 01.2 -60 04 36           ~ 1 0
90 [GPR2013] J104805.3-600354 Y*O 10 48 05.3 -60 03 54           ~ 1 0
91 [GPR2013] J104813.4-595845 Y*O 10 48 13.4 -59 58 45           ~ 2 0

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