2022MNRAS.517.4162P

Query : 2022MNRAS.517.4162P

2022MNRAS.517.4162P - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 517, 4162-4174 (2022/December-2)

Classification of local ultraluminous infrared galaxies and quasars with kernel principal component analysis.

PAPAEFTHYMIOU E.S., MICHOS I., PAVLOU O., PAPADOPOULOU LESTA V. and EFSTATHIOU A.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present a new diagnostic diagram for local ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) and quasars, analysing particularly the Spitzer Space Telescope's infrared spectrograph spectra of 102 local ULIRGs and 37 Palomar Green quasars. Our diagram is based on a special non-linear mapping of these data, employing the kernel principal component analysis method. The novelty of this map lies in the fact that it distributes the galaxies under study on the surface of a well-defined ellipsoid, which, in turn, links basic concepts from geometry to physical properties of the galaxies. Particularly, we have found that the equatorial direction of the ellipsoid corresponds to the evolution of the power source of ULIRGs, starting from the pre-merger phase, moving through the starburst-dominated coalescing stage towards the active galactic nucleus-dominated phase, and finally terminating with the post-merger quasar phase. On the other hand, the meridian directions distinguish deeply obscured power sources of the galaxies from unobscured ones. These observations have also been verified by comparison with simulated ULIRGs and quasars using radiative transfer models. The diagram correctly identifies unique galaxies with extreme features that lie distinctly away from the main distribution of the galaxies. Furthermore, special two-dimensional projections of the ellipsoid recover almost monotonic variations of the two main physical properties of the galaxies, the silicate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon features. This suggests that our diagram naturally extends the well-known Spoon diagram and it can serve as a diagnostic tool for existing and future infrared spectroscopic data, such as those provided by the James Webb Space Telescope.

Abstract Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: evolution - (galaxies:) quasars: general - galaxies: Seyfert - infrared: galaxies - methods: data analysis

Simbad objects: 139

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Number of rows : 139
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 IRAS F00183-7111 Sy2 00 20 34.7 -70 55 27     20.6     ~ 134 0
2 2MASX J00212652-0839261 LIN 00 21 26.5135306416 -08 39 25.967117268   18.37       ~ 114 1
3 IRAS 00199-7426 G 00 22 07.0195181544 -74 09 41.547998196   17.41   16.24   ~ 36 1
4 QSO B0027-289 Sy1 00 30 04.2061981368 -28 42 25.820693820   16.4 16.0     ~ 77 0
5 IRAS 00275-0044 QSO 00 30 09.0868875672 -00 27 44.318316744   19.68   18.36   ~ 16 0
6 6dFGS gJ004215.5-125604 H2G 00 42 15.54 -12 56 03.0   19.45       ~ 75 0
7 IRAS 00406-3127 Sy2 00 43 03.17 -31 10 49.5   19.97       ~ 29 0
8 Mrk 1148 Sy1 00 51 54.7633670088 +17 25 58.508879484   16.44 15.96     ~ 159 0
9 Mrk 1502 Sy1 00 53 34.9331107632 +12 41 35.929269132   14.41 14.03     ~ 1169 1
10 LEDA 3237 Sy1 00 54 52.1183662680 +25 25 38.983241532     15.42     ~ 388 0
11 IRAS 01003-2238 Sy2 01 02 49.9920152640 -22 21 57.262136544   18.62 18.9 17.83   ~ 164 0
12 IRAS 01199-2307 H2G 01 22 20.8752532152 -22 52 05.252405952   18.04     17.33 ~ 49 0
13 6dFGS gJ013221.4-072908 H2G 01 32 21.41 -07 29 08.5   19.04       ~ 61 0
14 PSCz Q01355-1814 H2G 01 37 56.6 -17 59 25           ~ 30 0
15 LEDA 73997 Sy2 01 40 55.8748635264 -46 02 53.812939056   17.53   16.20   ~ 27 0
16 2MASX J01515140-1830464 G 01 51 51.4245944592 -18 30 46.601041068   18.77       ~ 37 1
17 Mrk 1014 Sy1 01 59 50.2534701768 +00 23 40.864244784   16.08 15.87     ~ 573 0
18 IRAS 02054+0835 Sy1 02 08 06.6 +08 50 07     17.69     ~ 32 0
19 6dFGS gJ021333.0-292339 LIN 02 13 33.05 -29 23 39.5   19.07       ~ 19 0
20 IRAS F02115+0226 G 02 14 10.34 +02 39 59.7   19.88       ~ 11 0
21 IRAS 02456-2220 G 02 47 51.258 -22 07 36.43   19.71   18.31   ~ 18 0
22 LEDA 11044 G 02 55 34.4315511384 +02 23 41.539669548   16.62       ~ 32 0
23 2MASX J03021145-2707263 G 03 02 11.4397144560 -27 07 26.272476480   18.05       ~ 19 0
24 IRAS 03158+4227 G 03 19 11.9490689880 +42 38 25.463172912           ~ 59 0
25 IRAS 03538-6432 G 03 54 25.205 -64 23 44.58   18.85   17.64   ~ 30 0
26 IRAS 03521+0028 LIN 03 54 42.146 +00 37 03.33           ~ 94 0
27 IRAS 04114-5117 G 04 12 44.2737325440 -51 09 40.075317792   18.12   17.22   ~ 22 1
28 6dFGS gJ043337.1-164331 LIN 04 33 37.05 -16 43 31.5   19.80   18.54   ~ 38 0
29 LEDA 484297 G 04 39 46.8 -48 44 14           ~ 22 0
30 LEDA 17155 Sy2 05 21 01.3994605776 -25 21 45.321827832   15.47 14.75     ~ 500 0
31 2MASX J05583717-7716393 G 05 58 37.176 -77 16 39.37           ~ 17 1
32 LEDA 89499 Sy2 06 02 54.066 -71 03 10.48   15.6       ~ 95 1
33 LEDA 89500 Sy2 06 21 01.188 -63 17 23.81   16.70   15.27   ~ 69 1
34 IRAS 06301-7934 G 06 26 41.7 -79 36 32   19.01   17.57   ~ 24 0
35 IRAS 06361-6217 LIN 06 36 35.8 -62 20 32     17.84     ~ 37 0
36 ESO 428-14 Sy2 07 16 31.2062162520 -29 19 28.882826364   13.28 13.52 11.61   ~ 264 4
37 FIRST J074810.5+334327 G 07 48 10.591 +33 43 27.13           ~ 10 0
38 IRAS 07598+6508 Sy1 08 04 30.4643108040 +64 59 52.789588188   14.3 15.5     ~ 231 0
39 2MASS J08105865+7602424 Sy1 08 10 58.6641543864 +76 02 42.450451260   15.03 14.71     ~ 470 0
40 FIRST J082354.6+320212 G 08 23 54.616 +32 02 12.03           ~ 10 0
41 2MASX J08584172+1041223 Sy2 08 58 41.7600226809 +10 41 22.024849251   16.84       ~ 56 0
42 NAME IRAS F08572+3915 NW LIN 09 00 25.364 +39 03 54.23     16.66     ~ 421 1
43 2MASX J09041268-3627007 G 09 04 12.689 -36 27 00.76           ~ 86 0
44 Mrk 110 Sy1 09 25 12.8479065576 +52 17 10.386311208   16.82 16.41     ~ 605 0
45 Mrk 705 Sy1 09 26 03.2694421008 +12 44 03.732389268   15.15 14.60     ~ 327 0
46 UGC 5101 Sy2 09 35 51.6045544584 +61 21 11.589382368   15.20 15.50     ~ 574 4
47 Mrk 707 Sy1 09 37 01.0466933232 +01 05 43.747904040   16.86 16.64     ~ 141 0
48 2MASX J09530021+8127282 LIN 09 53 00.216 +81 27 28.22           ~ 33 0
49 LEDA 165552 LIN 10 12 16.7929453584 +46 49 43.491525384       22.20   ~ 43 0
50 QSO B1011-040 Sy1 10 14 20.6738908080 -04 18 40.372940484   15.49 15.5     ~ 146 0
51 2MASS J10145491+0033374 Sy1 10 14 54.9035635608 +00 33 37.366161048   20.23 18.94 16.104   ~ 161 0
52 Mrk 142 Sy1 10 25 31.2786898344 +51 40 34.867889004   16.33 16.12     ~ 292 0
53 LEDA 90127 Sy1 10 40 29.1640944744 +10 53 18.202070076   17.79 17.18     ~ 100 0
54 QSO B1048+342 Sy1 10 51 43.8916339296 +33 59 26.683392840   17.11 16.79     ~ 199 0
55 LEDA 33083 LIN 10 59 18.128 +24 32 34.74   15.7       ~ 275 1
56 FIRST J110635.7+320146 G 11 06 35.716 +32 01 46.39           ~ 9 0
57 LEDA 125693 LIN 11 12 03.4 -02 54 23   17.45 17.40     ~ 102 1
58 LEDA 34449 Sy1 11 17 06.3989076960 +44 13 33.324039480   16.32 16.12     ~ 248 0
59 LEDA 34570 Sy1 11 18 30.2894794680 +40 25 54.068810952   16.34 16.21     ~ 228 0
60 Ton 1388 Sy1 11 19 08.6786220240 +21 19 17.987085948   14.91 14.80     ~ 468 0
61 IC 2746 Sy2 11 21 47.1179115936 +11 44 18.909849876   15.38 14.93     ~ 219 0
62 6dFGS gJ112450.7-130117 Sy2 11 24 50.731 -13 01 16.58   18.49   17.32   ~ 30 1
63 LEDA 37161 Sy1 11 52 03.5494748736 -11 22 24.091043304   13.7 15.5 12.5   ~ 122 0
64 ATO J178.4553+11.4751 Sy1 11 53 49.2707664888 +11 28 30.403025688   16.87 16.71     ~ 126 0
65 LEDA 1888605 LIN 12 00 46.8386541480 +30 04 14.151358452           ~ 34 0
66 SDSS J120424.54+192509.7 Sy2 12 04 24.5432777064 +19 25 09.773024772   16.63 19.16     ~ 81 0
67 LEDA 38224 Sy1 12 04 42.1097215992 +27 54 11.869350264   15.64 15.60     ~ 406 0
68 2MASX J12054771+1651085 LIN 12 05 47.7089284392 +16 51 08.355094704   18.758   17.327   ~ 60 0
69 LEDA 90164 Sy2 12 09 45.1187842872 -05 01 13.431047484   17.52 17.8 16.56   ~ 105 1
70 LEDA 39024 LIN 12 13 46.107 +02 48 41.50           ~ 355 1
71 PB 3894 Sy1 12 14 17.6738687784 +14 03 13.182723144   14.46 14.19     ~ 823 0
72 FIRST J122300.3+333928 GiC 12 23 00.312 +33 39 28.86           ~ 7 0
73 3C 273 BLL 12 29 06.6998257176 +02 03 08.597629980   13.05 14.830 14.11   ~ 5810 1
74 LBQS 1244+0238 Sy1 12 46 35.2527826632 +02 22 08.782546368   16.57 16.37     ~ 298 0
75 LEDA 2816846 Sy2 12 54 00.8097492312 +10 11 12.237857124   19.03 18.27     ~ 52 0
76 Mrk 231 Sy1 12 56 14.2341182928 +56 52 25.238373852   14.68 13.84     ~ 1990 3
77 LEDA 45656 Sy1 13 09 47.0031619008 +08 19 48.212362524   16.04 15.89     ~ 391 0
78 Ton 1565 Sy1 13 12 17.7526981968 +35 15 21.086467128   15.45 15.64 14.2   ~ 278 1
79 LEDA 45913 Sy1 13 13 05.7810527568 -11 07 42.369955428   15.48 15.15 13.4   ~ 139 0
80 2MASX J13150638-5509225 Sy2 13 15 06.383 -55 09 22.60   17.3       ~ 149 0
81 2MASS J13234951+6541480 Sy1 13 23 49.5182430360 +65 41 48.164463600   16.01 15.84     ~ 174 0
82 LEDA 165618 Sy2 13 24 19.8862877976 +05 37 04.693531332   19.31 18.73 17.41   ~ 121 0
83 IRAS 13342+3932 Sy1 13 36 24.0619427808 +39 17 31.105014396     17.76     ~ 86 0
84 IRAS 13352+6402 G 13 36 50.986 +63 47 03.94           ~ 24 0
85 Ton 730 Sy1 13 43 56.7435190440 +25 38 47.638868604   16.48 16.6     ~ 123 0
86 Mrk 273 Sy2 13 44 42.1781 +55 53 12.819   15.68 14.91     ~ 915 3
87 ICRF J134733.3+121724 Sy2 13 47 33.36161873 +12 17 24.2398927   19.28 18.44 15.718   ~ 597 3
88 2XMM J135315.8+634546 Sy1 13 53 15.8311116864 +63 45 45.683126676   14.54 14.28     ~ 385 0
89 Mrk 662 Sy1 13 54 06.4281510312 +23 25 49.346507964   16.06 15.37     ~ 105 0
90 Mrk 463E Sy2 13 56 02.886 +18 22 18.84   15.01 14.22     ~ 152 1
91 Ton 182 Sy1 14 05 16.2178674936 +25 55 34.117540788   15.42 15.34     ~ 254 0
92 PG 1404+226 Sy1 14 06 21.8900886888 +22 23 46.515550056   16.62 16.42     ~ 235 0
93 LEDA 165630 Sy2 14 09 31.257 +05 11 31.31     17.00     ~ 74 0
94 LEDA 51016 Sy1 14 17 00.8224797456 +44 56 06.336360024   16.93 16.63     ~ 259 0
95 [OKM2018] SWIFT J1419.0-1323 Sy1 14 19 03.8170514760 -13 10 44.785212600   16.46 16.10 16.50   ~ 236 0
96 LEDA 52270 Sy1 14 37 38.2867288488 -15 00 24.087592692   16.58 16.40     ~ 278 1
97 LEDA 89507 Sy2 14 40 59.0135478768 -37 04 31.938829896   17.72   16.48   ~ 119 0
98 2MASX J14510879+2709272 Sy1 14 51 08.7647938560 +27 09 26.962707132   15.01 15.01     ~ 214 0
99 LEDA 90196 Sy2 15 02 31.9755844913 +14 21 34.926031528   20.69 20.13     ~ 57 0
100 Mrk 841 Sy1 15 04 01.1935384104 +10 26 15.780409692   14.50 14.27     ~ 651 0
101 LEDA 54782 Sy1 15 21 14.2570766112 +22 27 43.827693336   16.09 16.09     ~ 135 0
102 IRAS 15206+3342 Sy2 15 22 38.104 +33 31 35.90           ~ 102 0
103 2MASX J15265942+3558372 LIN 15 26 59.442 +35 58 37.01   15.61       ~ 273 1
104 IC 4553 SyG 15 34 57.22396 +23 30 11.6084   14.76 13.88     ~ 2963 4
105 Mrk 290 Sy1 15 35 52.4031021552 +57 54 09.515660508   15.55 15.27     ~ 531 0
106 Mrk 486 Sy1 15 36 38.4011947776 +54 33 33.215039244   15.21 14.78     ~ 276 0
107 LEDA 90222 Sy1 15 48 56.8020209304 -04 59 33.598051584   16.4 16.40 16.85   ~ 98 0
108 LEDA 56356 Sy1 15 54 44.5798403976 +08 22 21.412038576   16.38 16.16     ~ 121 0
109 LEDA 90237 LIN 16 11 40.4280459768 -01 47 06.566246232   16.6       ~ 83 0
110 Ton 256 Sy1 16 14 13.2050129832 +26 04 16.221218880   16.06 16.50     ~ 266 1
111 LEDA 165690 LIN 16 32 21.378 +15 51 45.50   18.72 18.06     ~ 58 1
112 IRAS 16334+4630 LIN 16 34 52.35240 +46 24 52.6356   17.66       ~ 47 1
113 FF J1659+3549 G 16 59 24.669 +35 49 01.74   19.7   19.2   ~ 9 0
114 LEDA 165718 H2G 17 08 32.12 +40 23 28.2           ~ 46 0
115 2MASX J17185436+5441486 Sy2 17 18 54.4002 +54 41 48.289           ~ 77 1
116 LEDA 60189 LIN 17 23 21.943 -00 17 00.96   15.1       ~ 425 0
117 FIRST J172657.7+365639 G 17 26 57.757 +36 56 39.45           ~ 5 0
118 IRAS 17463+5806 G 17 47 05.6 +58 05 18           ~ 20 0
119 LEDA 90295 G 18 05 27.0 +07 05 58           ~ 14 0
120 LEDA 90308 G 18 42 54.8 +74 36 21           ~ 28 0
121 [MLM91] IRAS 19254-7245 S GiP 19 31 21.6 -72 39 25           ~ 18 1
122 LEDA 90327 EmG 19 32 22.2962473608 -04 00 01.797249204   18.85   17.04   ~ 111 0
123 LEDA 90339 G 19 48 15.7 +09 52 05           ~ 38 0
124 IRAS 20037-1547 Sy1 20 06 31.7 -15 39 08     16.00     ~ 37 0
125 LEDA 90352 LIN 20 11 23.862 -02 59 50.33   17.80   16.41   ~ 69 0
126 [VV2000] J201329.8-414735 QSO 20 13 29.509 -41 47 35.48   17.0       ~ 129 2
127 6dFGS gJ204418.2-164017 LIN 20 44 18.186 -16 40 16.63   18.02   17.04   ~ 91 0
128 ESO 286-19 LIN 20 58 26.8183783008 -42 38 59.411838156   14.79 14.79 14.20   ~ 292 0
129 LEDA 2817285 Sy2 21 29 29.4 +25 27 53           ~ 33 0
130 Mrk 1513 Sy1 21 32 27.8162556672 +10 08 19.252365396   14.92 14.64     ~ 614 0
131 QSO B2209+184 BLL 22 11 53.8888927344 +18 41 49.861248288   16.09 15.44 11.96   ~ 168 1
132 NAME South America H2G 22 51 49.307 -17 52 23.96   16.97       ~ 328 3
133 LEDA 70504 Sy1 23 07 02.9147133288 +04 32 57.101475624   16.32 15.50     ~ 118 0
134 LEDA 70560 Sy2 23 08 33.9537309816 +05 21 29.751752412           ~ 152 0
135 IRAS 23129+2548 LIN 23 15 21.39960 +26 04 32.2536           ~ 49 0
136 ESO 148-2 Sy2 23 15 46.772 -59 03 15.94   14.94 14.73 13.95   ~ 267 1
137 LEDA 90424 LIN 23 26 03.6867143064 -69 10 18.422274828   16.6       ~ 51 0
138 LEDA 90425 H2G 23 28 06.0899186859 -53 58 30.679199450   17.19   16.10   ~ 39 0
139 [VV2000] J235225.0+244009 Sy2 23 52 25.9250656752 +24 40 16.806785592     16.20     ~ 53 0

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