2022ApJ...941..130D

Query : 2022ApJ...941..130D

2022ApJ...941..130D - Astrophys. J., 941, 130 (2022/December-3)

Quantifying the Evidence Against a Mass Gap between Black Holes and Neutron Stars.

DE SA L.M., BERNARDO A., BACHEGA R.R.A., HORVATH J.E., ROCHA L.S. and MORAES P.H.R.S.

Abstract (from CDS):

The lack of objects between 2 and 5 M_⊙ in the joint mass distribution of compact objects has been termed the “mass gap,” and attributed mainly to the characteristics of the supernova mechanism precluding their birth. However, recent observations show that a number of candidates reported to lie inside the “gap” may fill it, suggesting instead a paucity that may be real or largely a result of small number statistics. We quantify in this work the individual candidates and evaluate the joint probability of a mass gap. Our results show that an absolute mass gap is not present, to a very high confidence level. It remains to be seen if a relative paucity of objects stands in the future, and how this population can be related to the formation processes, which may include neutron star mergers, the collapse of a neutron star to a black hole, and others.

Journal keyword(s): Compact objects - Black holes - Neutron stars - Astrophysical black holes - Stellar mass black holes

Simbad objects: 121

Full paper

View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 121

N	Identifier	Otype	ICRS (J2000) RA	ICRS (J2000) DEC	Mag U	Mag B	Mag V	Mag R	Mag I	Sp type	#ref 1850 - 2023	#notes
1	PSR J0024-72H	Psr	00 24 06.686	-72 04 06.74						~	60	1
2	PSR J0045-7319	HXB	00 45 35.2606875816	-73 19 03.269105220		15.97	16.18		16.30	B0.5-B2IV-V	176	0
3	SK 160	HXB	01 17 05.1457288392	-73 26 36.014808156	12.23	13.00	13.15		13.17	O9.7Ia+	843	0
4	ChASeM33 J013236.84+303229.0	X	01 32 36.95	+30 32 30.1						~	15	0
5	ATO J033.0436+53.3607	V*	02 12 10.4774318712	+53 21 38.778250464		15.6		14.2		~	39	0
6	NAME Chandra Deep Field-South	reg	03 32 28.0	-27 48 30						~	2024	1
7	PSR J0337+1715	Psr	03 37 43.82589	+17 15 14.8280						~	84	0
8	PSR J0348+0432	Psr	03 48 43.6363173480	+04 32 11.461921260						~	235	2
9	V* V518 Per	HXB	04 21 42.7227473352	+32 54 26.939156184	13.00	13.50	13.2			M4.5V	644	1
10	2FGL J0427.2-6705	gam	04 27 49.2	-67 04 34						~	45	0
11	PSR J0437-47	Psr	04 37 15.7994581776	-47 15 08.544351636						DC	855	0
12	PSR J0453+1559	Psr	04 53 45.41372	+15 59 21.3000						~	63	0
13	PSR J0509+3801	Psr	05 09 31.788	+38 01 18.10						~	19	0
14	PSR J0514-4002A	Psr	05 14 06.6927	-40 02 48.897						~	47	1
15	ATO J080.4857+43.9894	RG*	05 21 56.5915534536	+43 59 21.954137964						~	28	1
16	X LMC X-4	HXB	05 32 49.5556042296	-66 22 13.202721768		13.9	14.0			O8III	653	0
17	PSR J0621+10	Psr	06 21 22.11108	+10 02 38.7410						~	108	1
18	1A 0620-00	HXB	06 22 44.5423857312	-00 20 44.290460544	10.60	11.40	11.2			K3V-K7V	1093	0
19	V* V723 Mon	LP*	06 29 04.6585655472	-05 34 20.230995324		9.18	8.28			G0II	29	0
20	PSR J0737-3039A	Psr	07 37 51.24720	-30 39 40.6700						~	259	1
21	PSR J0737-3039B	Psr	07 37 51.24927	-30 39 40.7195						~	198	1
22	PSR J0740+6620	Psr	07 40 45.799	+66 20 33.60						~	212	0
23	PSR J0751+1807	Psr	07 51 09.1539	+18 07 38.335						~	272	1
24	2FGL J0846.0+2820	gam	08 46 03	+28 20.9						~	17	0
25	V* GP Vel	HXB	09 02 06.8608812864	-40 33 16.899168060	6.85	7.37	6.87	6.31	6.05	B0.5Ia	1469	0
26	V* V395 Car	LXB	09 22 34.6761959832	-63 17 41.355773520	15.40	15.90	15.3			K0III	127	0
27	PSR J0952-0607	Psr	09 52 08.319	-06 07 23.49						~	32	0
28	PSR J1012+5307	Psr	10 12 33.4345449600	+53 07 02.548542576			19.5			DA	350	1
29	V* MM Vel	HXB	10 13 36.4108035720	-45 04 32.553865524		14.84	14.71			G5V-M0V	193	0
30	PSR J1023+0038	LXB	10 23 47.6841824712	+00 38 41.005893516			17.31			GV	372	0
31	V* KV UMa	HXB	11 18 10.7930420496	+48 02 12.314730120			12.25			K5V-M1V	795	0
32	V* V779 Cen	HXB	11 21 15.0920532528	-60 37 25.630264596		14.4	12.27			O9III/Veq	1065	0
33	V* GU Mus	HXB	11 26 26.5961559600	-68 40 32.877752952						K3V-K7V	700	1
34	PSR J1141-6545	Psr	11 41 06.97000	-65 45 19.1600			25.08	24.38		~	173	1
35	PSR J1301+0833	Psr	13 01 38.26	+08 33 57.5						~	35	0
36	GrW 170817	GWE	13 09 48.0850	-23 22 53.343						~	1687	0
37	PSR J1311-3430	Psr	13 11 47.6	-34 30 35						~	142	1
38	V* BW Cir	HXB	13 58 09.700	-64 44 05.80	17.90	18.00	16.9			~	227	1
39	2FGL J1417.5-4404	LXB	14 17 16.80	-44 04 40.5						~	43	0
40	PSR J1518+0204B	Psr	15 18 31.458	+02 05 15.47						~	41	1
41	PSR B1534+11	Psr	15 37 09.9603	+11 55 55.554						~	416	1
42	EQ B1534+12	*	15 37 09.9603	+11 55 55.554						~	3	1
43	V* QV Nor	HXB	15 42 23.3633146128	-52 23 09.577395960		16.3	14.5			B0.2Ia:e	407	1
44	V* IL Lup	HXB	15 47 08.2768672752	-47 40 10.284587760			11.96			~	469	1
45	V* V381 Nor	HXB	15 50 58.6637920704	-56 28 35.258385000		17.95	16.6			K3III	1134	0
46	PSR J1600-3053	Psr	16 00 51.90403	-30 53 49.3190						~	152	0
47	V* QX Nor	LXB	16 12 43.0	-52 25 23						~	890	1
48	PSR J1614-2230	Psr	16 14 36.5070	-22 30 31.207						~	359	1
49	[GHJ2008] 3	HXB	16 50 00.980	-49 57 43.60			11.89			K4V	383	0
50	V* V1033 Sco	HXB	16 54 00.137	-39 50 44.90		15.20	14.2	16.14		F5IV	1837	1
51	V* HZ Her	LXB	16 57 49.8110126616	+35 20 32.486555472	11.90	14.89	13.63	13.88		B3/6ep	2040	0
52	NAME OAO 1657-41	HXB	17 00 48.884	-41 39 21.46						Ofpe/WN9	236	0
53	V* V821 Ara	HXB	17 02 49.3876391280	-48 47 23.087954544	16.20	16.30	15.5			~	1996	0
54	HD 153919	HXB	17 03 56.7725629224	-37 50 38.913331452	6.06	6.78	6.51	6.08	5.90	O6Iafcp	798	1
55	X Ara X-1	LXB	17 06 15.314	-43 02 08.69						~	260	1
56	V* V2107 Oph	HXB	17 08 14.520	-25 05 30.15		16.50	15.9			K3V-K7V	219	1
57	PSR J1713+0447	Psr	17 13 49.53053	+07 47 37.5264						~	425	1
58	PSR J1723-2837	Psr	17 23 23.1937506912	-28 37 57.210408048		16.81	15.77	15.71		~	78	0
59	2MASS J17251139-3616575	HXB	17 25 11.392	-36 16 57.53			14.30			B0-1Ia	120	2
60	4U 1722-30	LXB	17 27 33.25	-30 48 07.4			12.50			~	258	1
61	KS 1731-260	LXB	17 34 13.46	-26 05 18.6				22.8	20.9	~	410	0
62	PSR J1738+0333	Psr	17 38 53.96317	+03 33 10.8390						~	139	1
63	PSR J1741+1351	Psr	17 41 28.0	+13 54 33						~	79	0
64	NAME Great Annihilator	LXB	17 43 54.83	-29 44 42.6						~	667	1
65	PSR J1748-2446am	Psr	17 48 04.8235	-24 46 47.210						~	2	0
66	PSR J1748-2446I	Psr	17 48 04.870	-24 46 46.48						~	34	0
67	PSR J1748-2446J	Psr	17 48 04.9	-24 46 45						~	27	0
68	NAME TER 5 X-1	LXB	17 48 05.225	-24 46 47.66						~	212	1
69	[PLV2002] CX1	LXB	17 48 52.163	-20 21 32.40						~	187	1
70	PSR J1748-2021B	Psr	17 48 52.95290	-20 21 38.8600						~	31	0
71	PSR J1750-3703A	Psr	17 50 13.8016	-37 03 10.950						~	14	1
72	EWS 2011-BLG-462	*	17 51 40.150	-29 53 26.15						~	20	0
73	PSR J1756-2251	Psr	17 56 46.63	-22 51 59.4						~	119	1
74	PSR J1757-1854	Psr	17 57 03.78438	-18 54 03.3760						~	40	0
75	PSR J1802-2124	Psr	18 02 05.44	-21 24 02.9						~	70	1
76	IGR J18029-2016	HXB	18 02 39.9	-20 17 13						B1b	82	1
77	PSR J1802-07	Psr	18 04 49.8954	-07 35 24.690			12.33			~	96	2
78	PSR J1807-2500B	Psr	18 07 20.871209	-25 00 01.91500						~	48	0
79	PSR J1811-2405	Psr	18 11 19.8539	-24 05 18.720						~	29	1
80	V* V4641 Sgr	HXB	18 19 21.6343259256	-25 24 25.849595952			13.654		13.092	B9III	454	1
81	X Sgr X-4	LXB	18 23 40.57	-30 21 40.6		19.06	18.81			~	968	1
82	V* V691 CrA	LXB	18 25 46.8185061768	-37 06 18.529336656	14.30	15.20	15.1			~	423	0
83	2MASS J18553040-0236167	HXB	18 55 30.4058947392	-02 36 16.737653700						B0Iaep	91	0
84	PSR B1855+09	Psr	18 57 36.39161	+09 43 17.2322						DA	505	1
85	PSR J1903+0327	Psr	19 03 05.7937	+03 27 19.222						~	146	1
86	PSR J1906+0749	Psr	19 06 48.67	+07 46 28.6						~	125	1
87	PSR J1909-3744	Psr	19 09 47.42820	-37 44 14.7740						~	254	2
88	PSR J1910-5959A	Psr	19 11 42.7562	-59 58 26.900	22.02	22.13	22.03			DA5	89	1
89	Granat 1915+105	HXB	19 15 11.55576	+10 56 44.9052						~	2528	0
90	PSR J1915+1606	Psr	19 15 27.99999	+16 06 27.4034			22.5			~	963	1
91	PSR J1918-0642	Psr	19 18 48.0363	-06 42 34.800						~	94	0
92	PSR J1946+3417	Psr	19 46 25.13182	+34 17 14.6770						~	37	0
93	PSR J1949+3106	Psr	19 49 29.63851	+31 06 03.8289						~	32	0
94	PSR J1950+2414	Psr	19 50 45.06390	+24 14 56.9638						~	23	0
95	PSR J1959+2048	Psr	19 59 36.7480	+20 48 14.599		20.4				~	773	2
96	V* QZ Vul	HXB	20 02 49.58	+25 14 11.3		19.64	18.2			K3V-K6V	414	0
97	V* V404 Cyg	HXB	20 24 03.8254458776	+33 52 01.962185735						G9/K0III/V	1230	0
98	1FGL J2039.4-5621	gam	20 39 35.4	-56 17 01						~	48	0
99	PSR J2043+1711	Psr	20 43 20.8828	+17 11 28.941						~	93	1
100	PSR J2045+3633	Psr	20 45 01.50504	+36 33 01.4033						~	9	0
101	PSR J2053+4650	Psr	20 53 52.62804	+46 50 51.7181						~	9	0
102	V* LZ Aqr	LXB	21 23 14.54	-05 47 52.9	15.90	16.78	16.8			~	146	0
103	PSR J2129-04	Psr	21 29 45.29	-04 29 11.9						~	61	0
104	PSR J2129+1209C	Psr	21 30 01.2030	+12 10 38.159						~	186	2
105	V* V1341 Cyg	LXB	21 44 41.1544345272	+38 19 17.066570988	15.00	15.13	14.68	15.00		A9III	1124	1
106	PSR J2215+51	Psr	22 15 32.6869149432	+51 35 36.400854912						~	119	0
107	PSR J2222-0137	Psr	22 22 05.98560	-01 37 15.8100						~	46	0
108	PSR J2234+06	Psr	22 34 22	+06 11.0						~	41	0
109	PSR J2305+4707	Psr	23 05 55.842	+47 07 45.32						~	216	1
110	PSR J2339-0533	Psr	23 39 38.7412778376	-05 33 05.108592528			18.48			~	105	0
111	GrW 190917	GWE	~	~						~	12	0
112	GrW 200115	GWE	~	~						~	74	0
113	GrW 191113 071753	GWE	~	~						~	6	0
114	GrW 190814	GWE	~	~						~	264	0
115	GrW 190924	GWE	~	~						~	4	0
116	GRB 190425	GWE	~	~						~	263	0
117	GrW 200316 215756	GWE	~	~						~	12	0
118	GrW 190930A	GWE	~	~						~	3	0
119	GrW 190725 174728	GWE	~	~						~	9	0
120	GrW 190924 021846	GWE	~	~						~	20	0
121	GrW 200210 092254	GWE	~	~						~	17	0

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