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2005MNRAS.360..416L - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 360, 416-446 (2005/June-3)
Infrared mergers and infrared quasi-stellar objects with galactic winds - III. Mrk 231: an exploding young quasi-stellar object with composite outflow/broad absorption lines (and multiple expanding superbubbles).
LIPARI S., TERLEVICH R., ZHENG W., GARCIA-LORENZO B., SANCHEZ S.F. and BERGMANN M.
Abstract (from CDS):
Specifically, inside and very close to the nucleus the two-dimensional spectra show the presence of an OF emission bump in the blend Hα+[Nii], with a peak at the same velocity of the main BAL-I system (VEjectionBAL–I∼-4700 km/s). This bump was more clearly detected in the area located at 0.6-1.5 arcsec (490-1220 pc), to the south-west of the nucleus core, showing a strong and broad peak. In addition, in the same direction [at position angle (PA) ∼-120°, i.e. close to the PA of the small-scale radio jet] at 1.7-2.5 arcsec, we also detected multiple narrow emission-line components, with `greatly' enhanced [Nii]/Hα ratio (very similar to the spectra of jets bow shocks). These results suggest that the BAL-I system is generated in OF clouds associated with the parsec-scale jet.
The Hubble Space Telescope images show four (or possibly five) nuclear superbubbles or shells with radii r∼ 2.9, 1.5, 1.0, 0.6 and 0.2 kpc. For these bubbles, the two-dimensional Hα velocity field map and two-dimensional spectra show the following. (i) At the border of the more extended bubble (S1), a clear expansion of the shell with blueshifted velocities (with circular shape and at a radius r∼ 5.0 arcsec). This bubble shows a rupture arc - to the south - suggesting that the bubble is in the blowout phase. The axis of this rupture or ejection (at PA ∼ 00°) is coincident with the axis of the intermediate and large-scale structures detected at radio wavelengths. (ii) In addition, in the three more external bubbles (S1, S2, S3), the two-dimensional William Herschel Telescope spectra show multiple emission-line components with OF velocities, of <VOFBubble> S1, S2 and S3 =[-(650-420)±30], [-500 ±30] and [-230±30] km/s. (iii) In the whole circumnuclear region (1.8 < r < 5 arcsec), the [Nii]/Hα and [Sii]/Hα narrow emission-line ratios show high values (>0.8), which are consistent with low-ionization nuclear emission-line region/OF processes associated with fast velocity shocks. Therefore, we suggest that these giant bubbles are associated with the large-scale nuclear OF component, which is generated - at least in part - by the extreme nuclear starburst: giant supernova/hypernova explosions.
The variability of the short-lived BAL-III Nai D system was studied, covering almost all the period in which this system appeared (between ∼1984 and 2004). We have found that the BAL-III light curve is clearly asymmetric with a steep increase, a clear maximum and an exponential fall (similar to the shape of a supernova light curve). The origin of this BAL-III system is discussed, mainly in the framework of an extreme explosive event, probably associated with giant supernova/hypernova explosions.
Finally, the IR colour diagram and the ultraviolet BAL systems of IR + GW/OF + Feii QSOs are analysed. This study shows two new BAL IR QSOs and suggests/confirms that these objects could be nearby young BAL QSOs, similar to those detected recently at z∼ 6.0. We propose that the phase of young QSOs is associated with accretion of a large amount of gas (by the supermassive black hole) + extreme starbursts + extreme composite OFs/BALs.
Abstract Copyright: 2005 RAS
Journal keyword(s): ISM: bubbles - ISM: jets and outflows - galaxies: individual: Mrk 231 - galaxies: kinematics and dynamics - quasars: general - galaxies: starburst
Nomenclature: Fig.2, Text: [LTZ2005] SN (Nos S1-S5).
CDS comments: Chap. 1.5 : IRAS 01003-2230 is a misprint for IRAS 01003-2238, IRAS 0759+6559 is a misprint for IRAS 07598+6508 (?), Chap. 4.4.2 : IRAS 17072+5153 is a misprint for IRAS 17002+5153.
Simbad objects: 93
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