[HOO2019b] z57LAE-30 , the SIMBAD biblio

We have obtained three-dimensional maps of the universe in ∼200 x 200 x 80 comoving Mpc³ (cMpc³) volumes each at z = 5.7 and 6.6 based on a spectroscopic sample of 179 galaxies that achieves >=80% completeness down to the Lyα luminosity of log(L_Lyα/[ergs^–1])=43.0, based on our Keck and Gemini observations and the literature. The maps reveal filamentary large-scale structures and two remarkable overdensities made out of at least 44 and 12 galaxies at z = 5.692 (z57OD) and z = 6.585 (z66OD), respectively, making z66OD the most distant overdensity spectroscopically confirmed to date, with >10 spectroscopically confirmed galaxies. We compare spatial distributions of submillimeter galaxies at z ≃ 4-6 with our z = 5.7 galaxies forming the large-scale structures, and detect a 99.97% signal of cross-correlation, indicative of a clear coincidence of dusty star-forming galaxy and dust-unobscured galaxy formation at this early epoch. The galaxies in z57OD and z66OD are actively forming stars with star-formation rates (SFRs) >=5 times higher than the main sequence, and particularly the SFR density in z57OD is 10 times higher than the cosmic average at the redshift (a.k.a. the Madau-Lilly plot). Comparisons with numerical simulations suggest that z57OD and z66OD are protoclusters that are progenitors of the present-day clusters with halo masses of ∼10¹⁴ M_☉.