SIMBAD references

We present ∼10-40 μm SOFIA-FORCAST images of 11 isolated protostars as part of the SOFIA Massive (SOMA) Star Formation Survey, with this morphological classification based on 37 μm imaging. We develop an automated method to define source aperture size using the gradient of its background-subtracted enclosed flux and apply this to build spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We fit the SEDs with radiative transfer models, developed within the framework of turbulent core accretion (TCA) theory, to estimate key protostellar properties. Here, we release the sedcreator python package that carries out these methods. The SEDs are generally well fitted by the TCA models, from which we infer initial core masses M_c ranging from 20-430 M_⊙, clump mass surface densities Σ_cl ∼ 0.3-1.7 g cm^–2, and current protostellar masses m_* ∼ 3-50 M_⊙. From a uniform analysis of the 40 sources in the full SOMA survey to date, we find that massive protostars form across a wide range of clump mass surface density environments, placing constraints on theories that predict a minimum threshold Σ_cl for massive star formation. However, the upper end of the m_*-Σ_cl distribution follows trends predicted by models of internal protostellar feedback that find greater star formation efficiency in higher Σ_cl conditions. We also investigate protostellar far-IR variability by comparison with IRAS data, finding no significant variation over an ∼40 yr baseline.