2020A&A...641A.155V

Query : 2020A&A...641A.155V

2020A&A...641A.155V - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 641A, 155-155 (2020/9-1)

CO emission in distant galaxies on and above the main sequence.

VALENTINO F., DADDI E., PUGLISI A., MAGDIS G.E., LIU D., KOKOREV V., CORTZEN I., MADDEN S., ARAVENA M., GOMEZ-GUIJARRO C., LEE M.-Y., LE FLOC'H E., GAO Y., GOBAT R., BOURNAUD F., DANNERBAUER H., JIN S., DICKINSON M.E., KARTALTEPE J. and SANDERS D.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the detection of multiple carbon monoxide CO line transitions with ALMA in a few tens of infrared-selected galaxies on and above the main sequence at z=1.1-1.7. We reliably detected the emission of CO (5-4), CO (2-1), and CO (7-6)+[C I](3P2-3P1) in 50, 33, and 13 galaxies, respectively, and we complemented this information with available CO (4-3) and [CI](3P1-3P0) fluxes for part of the sample, and by modeling of the optical-to-millimeter spectral energy distribution. We retrieve a quasi-linear relation between LIR and CO (5-4) or CO (7-6) for main-sequence galaxies and starbursts, corroborating the hypothesis that these transitions can be used as star formation rate (SFR) tracers. We find the CO excitation to steadily increase as a function of the star formation efficiency, the mean intensity of the radiation field warming the dust (<U>), the surface density of SFR (ΣSFR), and, less distinctly, with the distance from the main sequence (ΔMS). This adds to the tentative evidence for higher excitation of the CO+[C I] spectral line energy distribution (SLED) of starburst galaxies relative to that for main-sequence objects, where the dust opacities play a minor role in shaping the high-J CO transitions in our sample. However, the distinction between the average SLED of upper main-sequence and starburst galaxies is blurred, driven by a wide variety of intrinsic shapes. Large velocity gradient radiative transfer modeling demonstrates the existence of a highly excited component that elevates the CO SLED of high-redshift main-sequence and starbursting galaxies above the typical values observed in the disk of the Milky Way. This excited component is dense and it encloses ∼50% of the total molecular gas mass in main-sequence objects. We interpret the observed trends involving the CO excitation as to be mainly determined by a combination of large SFRs and compact sizes, as a large ΣSFR is naturally connected with enhanced dense molecular gas fractions and higher dust and gas temperatures, due to increasing ultraviolet radiation fields, cosmic ray rates, as well as dust and gas coupling. We release the full data compilation and the ancillary information to the community.

Abstract Copyright: © ESO 2020

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: evolution - galaxies: ISM - galaxies: starburst - galaxies: high-redshift

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/641/A155): table.dat>

Simbad objects: 126

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Number of rows : 126
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NAME Ori A MoC 05 38 -07.1           ~ 3011 0
2 [VV2006] J095754.7+023832 QSO 09 57 54.7079257440 +02 38 32.777463408   19.558 19.583   19.242 ~ 59 0
3 [VV2006] J095820.4+020304 QSO 09 58 20.4510135240 +02 03 03.977827380   19.918 20.039 18.8 19.82 ~ 60 0
4 ACS-GC 20103037 AGN 09 58 23.65 +02 12 01.3 24.28 24.12 23.38 23.06 22.31 ~ 22 0
5 ACS-GC 20103393 AGN 09 58 28.367 +02 11 36.30 23.502 23.32 22.80 22.50 21.862 ~ 12 0
6 ACS-GC 20074803 AGN 09 58 29.06 +02 04 46.7 24.23 24.37 24.15 23.86 23.27 ~ 13 0
7 [VV2006] J095829.8+021049 QSO 09 58 29.8067278032 +02 10 50.333367252   21.0288 20.5287   20.82 ~ 36 0
8 COSMOS2015 465249 AGN 09 58 32.025 +02 00 13.91 23.328 23.20 22.88 22.62 22.24 ~ 8 0
9 ACS-GC 20129314 AGN 09 58 38.467 +02 24 39.29   23.042 22.610   21.41 ~ 29 0
10 2XMM J095839.2+020507 QSO 09 58 39.2622830136 +02 05 06.738622404   20.9373 20.6128   20.62 ~ 36 0
11 ACS-GC 20158216 AGN 09 58 43.132 +02 32 56.43   22.888 22.937   22.25 ~ 19 0
12 ACS-GC 20023767 AGN 09 58 43.770 +01 38 20.55 23.50 23.27 22.76 22.47 22.047 ~ 8 0
13 COSMOS2015 413524 AGN 09 58 44.561 +01 55 11.50 23.79 23.72 23.12 22.77 22.14 ~ 10 0
14 COSMOS2015 541203 AGN 09 58 47.05 +02 07 20.2 24.06 24.09 23.77 23.51 22.91 ~ 11 0
15 COSMOS2015 446718 AGN 09 58 47.60 +01 58 22.8 23.411 23.40 23.01 22.77 22.32 ~ 5 0
16 COSMOS2015 499272 AGN 09 58 48.93 +02 03 27.0 25.08 24.97 24.53 24.03 23.50 ~ 5 0
17 COSMOS2015 222122 AGN 09 58 50.687 +01 36 54.96   22.556 21.980   20.59 ~ 5 0
18 COSMOS2015 345658 AGN 09 58 51.116 +01 48 49.24 23.77 23.74 23.30 23.04 22.59 ~ 8 0
19 COSMOS2015 266584 AGN 09 58 54.133 +01 41 14.81 24.35 24.04 23.76 23.34 22.83 ~ 7 0
20 COSMOS2015 446248 AGN 09 59 01.37 +01 58 20.2   24.707 24.048     ~ 9 0
21 COSMOSVLADP J095901.84+021449.7 rG 09 59 01.83 +02 14 49.5 23.72 23.63 23.26 23.03 22.58 ~ 14 0
22 ACS-GC 20044450 AGN 09 59 08.244 +01 54 45.92 23.110 23.12 22.58 22.39 21.776 ~ 19 0
23 ACS-GC 20003067 AGN 09 59 22.11 +01 36 18.5   23.925 23.767   22.568 ~ 19 0
24 ACS-GC 20181894 AGN 09 59 24.43 +02 43 06.3   22.863 22.575   22.001 ~ 9 0
25 [VV2006] J095924.5+015953 QSO 09 59 24.4671178128 +01 59 54.321806436   18.568 18.599   18.53 ~ 70 0
26 SDSS J095927.73+020011.0 AGN 09 59 27.736 +02 00 11.09   21.857 21.898   21.90 ~ 29 0
27 ACS-GC 20197084 AGN 09 59 28.84 +02 50 12.1   24.768 24.518   22.697 ~ 5 0
28 ACS-GC 20125813 AGN 09 59 31.443 +02 27 03.02 22.176 22.078 21.5772 21.564 21.338 ~ 34 0
29 COSMOS2015 670364 AGN 09 59 31.58 +02 19 05.5 24.79 24.317 24.061     ~ 29 0
30 COSMOS2015 411643 AGN 09 59 33.519 +01 55 12.44 23.003 22.89 22.59 22.42 22.031 ~ 17 0
31 ACS-GC 20154812 AGN 09 59 34.02 +02 34 43.6   24.642 24.410   22.840 ~ 20 0
32 SDSS J095934.75+021028.0 AGN 09 59 34.755 +02 10 28.07 22.837 23.1363 22.58 22.18 22.059 ~ 40 0
33 [VV2006] J095940.7+021938 QSO 09 59 40.7427799416 +02 19 38.744153760 21.30 20.9818 20.4557   20.15 ~ 46 0
34 COSMOS2015 808110 AGN 09 59 48.35 +02 31 30.1 25.04 24.41 23.54 22.90 22.113 ~ 8 0
35 COSMOS2015 1040512 AGN 09 59 51.30 +02 52 48.5   24.689 24.579     ~ 4 0
36 COSMOS2015 374386 AGN 09 59 52.49 +01 51 34.7 23.580 23.49 23.18 22.96 22.52 ~ 5 0
37 COSMOS2015 789424 AGN 09 59 53.815 +02 29 48.52 22.930 22.79 22.52 22.45 22.157 ~ 9 0
38 ACS-GC 20018613 AGN 09 59 54.36 +01 38 14.8 24.23 24.17 23.66 23.42 22.94 ~ 11 0
39 COSMOS2015 445130 AGN 09 59 55.679 +01 58 20.00 26.46 25.43 24.10 23.22 22.286 ~ 7 0
40 COSMOS 2732468 AGN 09 59 55.91 +02 43 15.5   25.295 25.020     ~ 6 0
41 [VV2006] J095957.9+014327 QSO 09 59 57.9803916936 +01 43 27.405543360   20.4504 20.1489   19.989 ~ 66 0
42 COSMOS2015 833058 AGN 09 59 58.05 +02 33 45.6 26.01 25.53 24.59 23.88 22.95 ~ 9 0
43 COSMOS2015 956295 G 09 59 59.78 +02 45 14.9 22.370 22.36 22.05 22.038 21.760 ~ 5 0
44 ACS-GC 20069298 AGN 10 00 02.069 +02 01 32.72 25.02 24.93 24.25 23.58 22.89 ~ 28 0
45 COSMOS2015 856588 AGN 10 00 03.49 +02 35 57.6 24.00 24.07 23.59 23.33 22.79 ~ 6 0
46 SDSS J100006.84+021235.6 AGN 10 00 06.847 +02 12 35.66   22.5306 21.842   21.612 ~ 29 0
47 ACS-GC 20123399 AGN 10 00 08.76000 +02 19 01.9999         22.36 ~ 21 0
48 ACS-GC 20179716 rG 10 00 08.95 +02 40 10.8 24.25 24.06 23.77 23.67 23.29 ~ 17 0
49 COSMOSVLA3 J100010.46+021020.0 AGN 10 00 10.440 +02 10 20.57           ~ 3 0
50 COSMOS2015 871582 AGN 10 00 11.40 +02 37 16.7 25.13 24.65 23.91 23.61 22.84 ~ 8 0
51 ACS-GC 20152989 AGN 10 00 11.55 +02 28 03.5 24.84 24.91 24.05 23.68 22.88 ~ 12 0
52 ACS-GC 20069243 AGN 10 00 13.077 +01 57 58.91 26.66 26.22 25.22 24.65 23.75 ~ 9 0
53 COSMOS2015 295522 AGN 10 00 13.22 +01 44 02.9 23.686 23.49 23.02 22.77 22.35 ~ 6 0
54 [VV2006] J100013.6+013739 QSO 10 00 13.5462892248 +01 37 38.922920580   20.554 20.584   20.304 ~ 38 0
55 [VV2006] J100014.1+022838 QSO 10 00 14.0894011632 +02 28 38.601546888 20.94 20.8573 20.547   20.55 ~ 50 0
56 COSMOS 2341788 AGN 10 00 16.52 +02 31 07.6   25.624 25.445     ~ 6 0
57 COSMOS2015 385110 AGN 10 00 18.62 +01 52 30.5 23.214 23.19 22.74 22.56 22.117 ~ 6 0
58 ACS-GC 20195255 AGN 10 00 22.80 +02 48 30.5   23.031 22.953   22.230 ~ 16 0
59 [VV2006] J100024.6+023148 QSO 10 00 24.6430888128 +02 31 49.086054588 19.22 18.80 18.87 18.89 18.93 ~ 72 0
60 COSMOS2015 888769 AGN 10 00 25.77 +02 38 45.6 25.36 25.35 25.19 24.71 24.17 ~ 10 0
61 COSMOS2015 465742 AGN 10 00 28.447 +02 00 10.24 24.49 24.23 23.40 22.88 22.081 ~ 16 0
62 NAME COSMOS Field reg 10 00 28.60 +02 12 21.0           ~ 2972 0
63 COSMOS2015 901622 AGN 10 00 29.90 +02 40 07.1 22.841 22.83 22.59 22.64 22.46 ~ 11 0
64 COSMOS2015 872523 rG 10 00 30.14 +02 37 16.9 24.72 24.23 23.68 23.27 22.59 ~ 15 0
65 COSMOS2015 336203 AGN 10 00 30.27 +01 47 54.6 24.13 24.07 23.58 23.34 22.81 ~ 5 0
66 CANDELS COSMOS F160W J100030.33+022558.3 AGN 10 00 30.32 +02 25 58.4 25.76 25.25 24.80 24.03 23.27 ~ 13 0
67 ACS-GC 20150246 AGN 10 00 31.76 +02 31 23.9 24.94 24.83 24.44 24.15 23.59 ~ 27 0
68 ACS-GC 20039746 AGN 10 00 33.893 +01 49 10.96   23.696 23.286   22.22 ~ 15 0
69 COSMOS2015 847704 AGN 10 00 36.16 +02 35 01.8 25.75 25.48 24.99 24.48 23.67 ~ 7 0
70 COSMOS2015 435205 AGN 10 00 42.349 +01 57 18.82 23.664 23.65 23.08 22.83 22.289 ~ 9 0
71 ACS-GC 20013397 AGN 10 00 42.38 +01 45 34.1   23.0058 22.0946   21.567 ~ 25 0
72 ACS-GC 20063724 AGN 10 00 46.923 +02 07 26.49 23.675 23.59 23.01 22.70 22.067 ~ 23 0
73 2XMM J100049.9+015230 QSO 10 00 49.9700230056 +01 52 31.197934056   21.0559 20.5266   20.579 ~ 35 0
74 ACS-GC 20147055 AGN 10 00 50.45 +02 33 55.9 23.83 23.59 23.09 22.88 22.35 ~ 17 0
75 COSMOS2015 916658 AGN 10 00 53.551 +02 41 25.21 23.69 23.44 22.95 22.70 22.114 ~ 14 0
76 [VV2006] J100055.4+023441 QSO 10 00 55.3918478664 +02 34 41.397836232 20.85 20.4406 20.1366   20.05 ~ 70 0
77 ACS-GC 20116538 AGN 10 00 57.627 +02 21 11.57         22.298 ~ 13 0
78 COSMOS2015 309380 AGN 10 01 06.504 +01 45 27.82 23.92 23.85 23.44 23.18 22.68 ~ 7 0
79 ACS-GC 20060884 AGN 10 01 13.20 +02 03 09.3 24.18 24.05 23.41 23.06 22.38 ~ 18 0
80 COSMOS2015 195786 AGN 10 01 13.7452080 +01 34 41.431440           ~ 3 0
81 2XMM J100115.2+024812 QSO 10 01 15.285 +02 48 12.83   21.376 21.184   20.549 ~ 24 0
82 ACS-GC 20113658 AGN 10 01 17.68 +02 25 14.1 24.35 24.24 23.83 23.38 22.67 ~ 8 0
83 COSMOS2015 766363 AGN 10 01 30.37 +02 27 35.0 24.00 23.80 23.35 22.94 22.166 ~ 14 0
84 [VV2006] J100132.1+013421 QSO 10 01 32.1632609232 +01 34 20.820632988   20.119 20.218     ~ 49 0
85 COSMOS2015 630859 AGN 10 01 33.494 +02 15 21.18   24.569       ~ 12 0
86 ACS-GC 20083249 AGN 10 01 35.36 +02 14 27.2 24.15 23.97 23.22 22.91 22.211 ~ 7 0
87 ACS-GC 20112584 AGN 10 01 36.11 +02 20 04.6 23.82 23.77 23.17 22.97 22.37 ~ 9 0
88 ACS-GC 20139884 AGN 10 01 37.301 +02 34 57.56   22.741 22.748     ~ 6 0
89 ACS-GC 20030714 AGN 10 01 40.25 +01 55 49.5 25.27 25.10 24.35 23.90 23.27 ~ 7 0
90 ACS-GC 20140088 AGN 10 01 40.27 +02 33 30.7 24.23 23.96 23.30 22.98 22.35 ~ 14 0
91 ACS-GC 20031000 AGN 10 01 51.257 +01 52 59.91         21.094 ~ 8 0
92 COSMOS2015 365428 AGN 10 01 53.225 +01 50 37.51 24.36 24.02 23.64 23.18 22.36 ~ 11 0
93 ACS-GC 20191902 AGN 10 01 53.49 +02 48 39.0 25.76 25.69 25.13 24.70 23.61 ~ 10 0
94 SDSS J100156.39+020456.9 AGN 10 01 56.378 +02 04 57.17 23.80 23.02 21.90 21.128 20.495 ~ 15 0
95 SDSS J100157.57+015205.0 AGN 10 01 57.581 +01 52 05.03   21.759 21.766   21.340 ~ 25 0
96 SDSS J100157.78+024631.6 QSO 10 01 57.7740875016 +02 46 31.663779744   20.7642 20.2364   19.938 ~ 38 0
97 [VV2006] J100158.9+022445 QSO 10 01 58.9156 +02 24 45.101   21.8918 21.4896   21.60 ~ 42 0
98 ACS-GC 20007293 AGN 10 01 59.76 +01 43 28.0 24.16 23.94 23.35 22.94 22.25 ~ 10 0
99 ACS-GC 20056002 AGN 10 02 05.52 +02 02 48.3 23.270 23.13 22.81 22.69 22.35 ~ 8 0
100 COSMOS2015 611692 AGN 10 02 06.70 +02 13 39.3 24.30 24.20 23.57 23.21 22.56 ~ 5 0
101 ACS-GC 20000627 AGN 10 02 11.27 +01 37 06.6 24.48 24.146 24.188   22.613 ~ 71 0
102 ACS-GC 20109892 AGN 10 02 13.64 +02 23 29.7     23.692   22.197 ~ 11 0
103 ACS-GC 20028190 AGN 10 02 15.36 +01 54 05.2   24.812 24.574   23.083 ~ 22 0
104 COSMOS2015 884995 AGN 10 02 16.40 +02 38 27.8 24.63 24.41 23.97 23.62 23.04 ~ 6 0
105 ACS-GC 20028774 AGN 10 02 17.98 +01 56 52.5 23.487 23.21 22.77 22.59 21.965 ~ 14 0
106 COSMOS2015 794710 AGN 10 02 19.20 +02 30 13.4         22.38 ~ 4 0
107 ACS-GC 20079962 AGN 10 02 19.647 +02 17 15.71   22.756 22.273   21.29 ~ 36 0
108 ACS-GC 20081224 AGN 10 02 21.91 +02 10 35.1   23.246 23.136   22.202 ~ 20 0
109 [VV2006] J100226.4+021923 QSO 10 02 26.3268692520 +02 19 23.114447796   20.7186 20.1929   20.255 ~ 57 0
110 ACS-GC 20166648 AGN 10 02 28.91 +02 37 32.8 24.26 23.60 22.71 22.06 21.306 ~ 8 0
111 COSMOS2015 938399 AGN 10 02 29.84 +02 43 30.6 23.93 23.94 23.45 23.29 22.84 ~ 6 0
112 SDSS J100230.17+014555.6 AGN 10 02 30.174 +01 45 55.68   21.750 21.934   21.069 ~ 23 0
113 PEPPRI J100231.4+014821 G 10 02 31.500 +01 48 21.74         22.39 ~ 2 0
114 COSMOS2015 181832 G 10 02 31.92 +01 33 19.7   22.771 22.281 21.7405 21.3498 ~ 3 0
115 SDSS J100232.48+023859.6 AGN 10 02 32.489 +02 38 59.69   21.3599 20.9999   21.15 ~ 23 0
116 ACS-GC 20164945 AGN 10 02 32.68 +02 44 39.7 25.08 24.80 24.40 23.99 23.31 ~ 8 0
117 ACS-GC 20054778 AGN 10 02 32.91 +02 00 27.6 23.84 23.490 23.147   21.587 ~ 27 0
118 COSMOS2015 868716 AGN 10 02 33.37 +02 37 01.0 23.186 23.12 22.81 22.62 22.29 ~ 7 0
119 COSMOS2015 182648 AGN 10 02 34.36 +01 33 29.5   24.030 23.973     ~ 4 0
120 COSMOS2015 410742 AGN 10 02 34.53 +01 54 56.8 23.52 23.47 22.97 22.78 22.26 ~ 6 0
121 ACS-GC 20027427 AGN 10 02 36.85 +01 55 21.6 23.88 23.76 23.23 22.93 22.221 ~ 7 0
122 ACS-GC 20108131 AGN 10 02 38.047 +02 19 04.03 24.58 24.51 23.69 23.17 22.31 ~ 18 0
123 PEPPRI J100242.3+023137 AGN 10 02 42.31 +02 31 38.0         24.10 ~ 5 0
124 COSMOS2015 237597 G 10 02 44.12474 +01 38 26.2968   23.997 23.653     ~ 2 0
125 COSMOS2015 914276 G 10 03 01.54 +02 41 15.0 23.75 23.73 23.38 23.23 22.83 ~ 5 0
126 IC 4553 SyG 15 34 57.22396 +23 30 11.6084   14.76 13.88     ~ 2960 4

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