2018A&A...610A...5C

Query : 2018A&A...610A...5C

2018A&A...610A...5C - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 610A, 5-5 (2018/2-1)

The reports of thick discs' deaths are greatly exaggerated. Thick discs are NOT artefacts caused by diffuse scattered light.

COMERON S., SALO H. and KNAPEN J.H.

Abstract (from CDS):

Recent studies have made the community aware of the importance of accounting for scattered light when examining low-surface-brightness galaxy features such as thick discs. In our past studies of the thick discs of edge-on galaxies in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies - the S4G - we modelled the point spread function as a Gaussian. In this paper we re-examine our results using a revised point spread function model that accounts for extended wings out to more than 2.5'. We study the 3.6µm images of 141 edge-on galaxies from the S4G and its early-type galaxy extension. Thus, we more than double the samples examined in our past studies. We decompose the surface-brightness profiles of the galaxies perpendicular to their mid-planes assuming that discs are made of two stellar discs in hydrostatic equilibrium. We decompose the axial surface-brightness profiles of galaxies to model the central mass concentration - described by a Sersic function - and the disc - described by a broken exponential disc seen edge-on. Our improved treatment fully confirms the ubiquitous occurrence of thick discs. The main difference between our current fits and those presented in our previous papers is that now the scattered light from the thin disc dominates the surface brightness at levels below µ∼26mag/arcsec2. We stress that those extended thin disc tails are not physical, but pure scattered light. This change, however, does not drastically affect any of our previously presented results: 1) Thick discs are nearly ubiquitous. They are not an artefact caused by scattered light as has been suggested elsewhere. 2) Thick discs have masses comparable to those of thin discs in low-mass galaxies - with circular velocities vc<120km/s - whereas they are typically less massive than the thin discs in high-mass galaxies. 3) Thick discs and central mass concentrations seem to have formed at the same epoch from a common material reservoir. 4) Approximately 50% of the up-bending breaks in face-on galaxies are caused by the superposition of a thin and a thick disc where the scale-length of the latter is the largest.

Abstract Copyright: © ESO, 2018

Journal keyword(s): methods: data analysis - methods: observational - galaxies: spiral - galaxies: structure

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/610/A5): tableb.dat tablec.dat>

Simbad objects: 145

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Number of rows : 145
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NGC 7814 GiG 00 03 14.947 +16 08 42.82   12.0       ~ 294 1
2 NGC 100 LSB 00 24 02.837 +16 29 11.00   14.6       ~ 129 0
3 ESO 79-3 GiP 00 32 02.131 -64 15 12.50   13.78   12.11 12.6 ~ 69 0
4 IC 1553 EmG 00 32 40.115 -25 36 27.10   14.31   13.49 14.1 ~ 57 0
5 UGC 903 AG? 01 21 47.793 +17 35 32.58   14.7       ~ 91 0
6 NGC 489 GiG 01 21 53.8903648440 +09 12 23.863254300   13.4       ~ 79 0
7 NGC 516 GiP 01 24 08.0801760720 +09 33 06.397815780   14.3       ~ 78 0
8 NGC 522 GiG 01 24 45.85467 +09 59 40.6430   14.2       ~ 103 0
9 IC 1711 AG? 01 30 55.267 +17 11 18.54   14.8       ~ 71 0
10 NGC 678 Sy2 01 49 24.8433327288 +21 59 50.210239596   13.3       ~ 114 0
11 NGC 693 GiC 01 50 30.84747 +06 08 42.7560 13.39 13.24 12.44     ~ 115 2
12 ESO 544-27 Sy2 02 12 54.643 -19 19 00.90   15.44   14.22   ~ 57 0
13 IC 217 EmG 02 16 10.436 -11 55 36.13   16.52   12.90 13.6 ~ 61 0
14 NGC 1032 AG? 02 39 23.6373 +01 05 37.652   13.2       ~ 95 1
15 NGC 1163 Sy2 03 00 22.089 -17 09 09.10   14.70   14.0 13.5 ~ 69 0
16 IC 1913 EmG 03 19 34.578 -32 27 54.41   14.38   13.54 14.2 ~ 74 0
17 6dFGS gJ031953.9-033538 LSB 03 19 53.830 -03 35 38.03   16.39       ~ 35 0
18 ESO 358-6 GiG 03 27 18.0282957096 -34 31 35.315736492   14.15   12.95   ~ 93 0
19 ESO 358-9 GiG 03 28 48.718 -35 10 41.37   14.21   12.92 13.3 ~ 93 0
20 IC 1963 GiG 03 35 31.0692175536 -34 26 49.368859656   12.90   11.71   ~ 135 0
21 NGC 1381 GiP 03 36 31.6592184144 -35 17 42.739221912 12.90 12.47 11.50 11.02   ~ 254 1
22 ESO 358-33 GiG 03 36 47.5007323848 -34 44 22.739259552 13.63 13.36 12.41 12.00   ~ 143 1
23 ESO 548-63 EmG 03 39 34.797 -20 00 53.27   15.21   14.09   ~ 39 0
24 MCG-02-10-009 Sy2 03 42 56.065 -12 54 59.10   14.10   13.6 13.0 ~ 73 0
25 NGC 1495 EmG 03 58 21.805 -44 27 58.50   13.28   12.38 12.7 ~ 56 0
26 IC 2058 EmG 04 17 54.3720552624 -55 55 57.738342360   13.90   12.94 13.2 ~ 92 2
27 NGC 1596 GiP 04 27 38.1079224792 -55 01 39.852944076   12.01 10.97 10.54   ~ 116 0
28 ESO 157-49 GiG 04 39 36.883 -53 00 45.54   14.37   13.30 13.4 ~ 67 0
29 NGC 1827 EmG 05 10 04.587 -36 57 36.87   13.26   12.03 12.7 ~ 61 0
30 IC 2135 GiG 05 33 12.894 -36 23 55.69   13.27   12.11 12.3 ~ 77 1
31 UGC 4550 GiG 08 43 16.000 +13 05 09.05   14.8       ~ 71 0
32 NGC 2732 GiP 09 13 24.6918628128 +79 11 14.150547096   12.6       ~ 73 0
33 IC 2461 Sy2 09 19 58.030 +37 11 27.77   15.1       ~ 138 0
34 NGC 2820 GiP 09 21 45.564 +64 15 28.87   13.1       ~ 162 0
35 UGC 5050 AG? 09 31 10.979 +76 27 54.10   15.4       ~ 32 0
36 MCG-02-25-020 Sy1 09 50 13.9786153944 -12 03 28.025313120   14   13.60   ~ 51 0
37 UGC 5347 AG? 09 57 16.525 +04 31 37.06   15.0       ~ 53 0
38 UGC 5376 AG? 10 00 27.0526712088 +03 22 27.627340368   14.5       ~ 79 0
39 NGC 3098 GiG 10 02 16.6969955520 +24 42 39.887384724   13.00       ~ 134 0
40 NGC 3115 GiG 10 05 13.9270507008 -07 43 06.982712292   11   9.37   ~ 1013 2
41 MCG-02-27-001 Sy2 10 25 26.492 -15 20 57.25   15   13.96   ~ 40 0
42 IC 611 H2G 10 26 28.363 +20 13 41.71   14.8       ~ 82 0
43 UGC 5689 AG? 10 30 45.846 +73 53 07.41   15.4       ~ 47 0
44 NGC 3279 GiG 10 34 42.792 +11 11 50.08   14.10       ~ 100 0
45 UGC 5958 GiP 10 51 15.802 +27 50 54.88   15.6       ~ 68 0
46 NGC 3454 GiP 10 54 29.458 +17 20 38.58   14.1       ~ 117 0
47 NGC 3501 GiP 11 02 47.307 +17 59 22.31   13.8       ~ 143 0
48 NGC 3592 GiG 11 14 27.242 +17 15 36.73   14.8       ~ 81 0
49 NGC 3600 GiG 11 15 51.980 +41 35 28.96   12.6       ~ 111 0
50 NGC 3630 GiG 11 20 16.9744492824 +02 57 51.853628196   12.91       ~ 102 1
51 NGC 3628 GiP 11 20 17.018 +13 35 22.16   10.42 9.48 9.22   ~ 827 3
52 UGC 6526 GiG 11 32 39.346 +35 19 42.44   14.1       ~ 54 0
53 NGC 3838 GiP 11 44 13.7648109936 +57 56 53.538816012   12.7       ~ 92 0
54 IC 2963 EmG 11 49 24.5614913328 -05 07 06.235166532   14.25   13.46 13.5 ~ 40 0
55 ESO 440-27 EmG 11 53 24.064 -28 33 11.39   13.19   12.11 12.5 ~ 65 0
56 NGC 3957 Sy2 11 54 01.5349526640 -19 34 08.004900504   13.00   11.42   ~ 90 0
57 NGC 4013 GiG 11 58 31.417 +43 56 49.28   12.4       ~ 423 1
58 NGC 4010 GiG 11 58 37.991 +47 15 40.72   13.1       ~ 153 0
59 NGC 4026 GiP 11 59 25.0914676128 +50 57 41.951225700   12.17       ~ 268 0
60 ESO 505-3 EmG 12 01 06.991 -24 34 04.89   13.84   13.10 13.6 ~ 62 0
61 NGC 4081 GiG 12 04 33.933 +64 26 12.42   13.6       ~ 67 0
62 NGC 4078 GiG 12 04 47.6340386496 +10 35 44.325761640   13.9       ~ 77 0
63 UGC 7086 GiG 12 05 56.118 +77 30 18.27   15.4       ~ 57 0
64 NGC 4111 GiP 12 07 03.1334091672 +43 03 56.345868252 12.07 11.63 10.74     ~ 335 1
65 NGC 4179 GiG 12 12 52.1118346920 +01 17 58.926287976   12.8       ~ 172 0
66 NGC 4207 GiG 12 15 30.436 +09 35 05.78   13.7       ~ 166 0
67 NGC 4217 GiG 12 15 50.900 +47 05 30.44   12.4       ~ 300 2
68 NGC 4215 GiG 12 15 54.5328986304 +06 24 04.120817832   13.0       ~ 126 0
69 NGC 4244 GiG 12 17 29.659 +37 48 25.60   10.71   9.99   ~ 558 1
70 UGC 7321 EmG 12 17 34.021 +22 32 23.35   14.07   13.21   ~ 264 0
71 NGC 4251 GiP 12 18 08.3407168056 +28 10 31.135758600   11.5       ~ 202 0
72 UGC 7387 GiG 12 20 17.351 +04 12 05.14   15.21       ~ 111 1
73 NGC 4289 H2G 12 21 02.304 +03 43 19.06   15.0       ~ 126 0
74 NGC 4302 GiP 12 21 42.477 +14 35 51.94   13.4 11.61     ~ 328 0
75 NGC 4316 GiG 12 22 42.221 +09 19 58.12   14.0       ~ 157 0
76 NGC 4338 GiC 12 23 13.938 +28 53 38.79   15.6       ~ 65 0
77 NGC 4330 GiG 12 23 17.249 +11 22 04.73   14.0       ~ 231 0
78 NGC 4342 GiP 12 23 39.0032044488 +07 03 14.359499100   13.0       ~ 314 0
79 NGC 4350 GiP 12 23 57.814 +16 41 36.08   11.5 11.08     ~ 317 0
80 NGC 4359 GiG 12 24 11.060 +31 31 17.78   13.9       ~ 114 0
81 NGC 4356 GiG 12 24 14.535 +08 32 08.89   14.3       ~ 147 0
82 NGC 4370 GiG 12 24 54.932 +07 26 40.44 16.09 15.59 13.84     ~ 142 0
83 IC 3311 GiG 12 25 33.102 +12 15 37.02   14.87       ~ 118 1
84 UGC 7513 GiG 12 25 42.634 +07 13 00.15   14.4       ~ 183 0
85 UGC 7522 GiG 12 25 58.964 +03 25 38.32   15.0       ~ 112 0
86 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 26 32.1 +12 43 24           ~ 6645 0
87 NGC 4452 GiG 12 28 43.2980346552 +11 45 18.201826692 13.27 12.87 11.98     ~ 204 1
88 NGC 4437 AGN 12 32 45.586 +00 06 54.14   11.1   11.1 10.6 ~ 285 0
89 NGC 4544 GiG 12 35 36.5566668960 +03 02 04.144950348   14.4       ~ 107 0
90 NGC 4565 LIN 12 36 20.804 +25 59 14.61   13.61 12.43     ~ 956 0
91 NGC 4570 GiG 12 36 53.3828233728 +07 14 47.697174852   11.8       ~ 331 0
92 NGC 4607 GiP 12 41 12.407 +11 53 11.86   14.7       ~ 172 0
93 NGC 4634 GiP 12 42 40.986 +14 17 45.15   13.6       ~ 180 0
94 NGC 4710 H2G 12 49 38.958 +15 09 55.76   11.6       ~ 311 0
95 UGC 7982 GiG 12 49 50.1988897848 +02 51 10.636698780   14.03       ~ 92 1
96 NGC 4749 GiG 12 51 12.001 +71 38 12.43   14.2       ~ 60 0
97 NGC 4747 GiP 12 51 45.592 +25 46 30.12   13.2       ~ 170 1
98 UGCA 304 GiG 12 52 26.865 -09 45 14.41   14.3   14.0 13.9 ~ 49 0
99 NGC 4762 LIN 12 52 56.049 +11 13 50.88   11.1       ~ 360 0
100 UGC 8040 GiP 12 54 43.5281940672 +58 46 35.616643824   14.4       ~ 44 0
101 IC 3908 EmG 12 56 40.624 -07 33 46.08   13.5   12.19 12.6 ~ 90 0
102 UGCA 311 Sy2 12 57 46.827 -09 38 01.60   13.6   13.6 13.2 ~ 59 0
103 Z 71-82 AG? 12 58 18.746 +13 23 29.07   14.9       ~ 46 0
104 ESO 443-21 EmG 12 59 45.894 -29 36 00.98   14.45   13.30 13.9 ~ 70 0
105 ESO 443-42 GiG 13 03 29.7234464952 -29 49 43.429524960   14.01   12.53   ~ 79 0
106 NGC 5023 EmG 13 12 11.8036148808 +44 02 17.328663600   13.2       ~ 256 0
107 NGC 5010 GiG 13 12 26.331 -15 47 52.64   14.3       ~ 79 0
108 NGC 5047 GiP 13 15 48.4943053680 -16 31 07.822979652   13.7   12.40   ~ 34 0
109 NGC 5073 Sy2 13 19 20.6629199856 -14 50 40.937423928   13.46   12.19   ~ 95 0
110 NGC 5084 Sy2 13 20 16.923 -21 49 39.28   11.15 12.21 9.84 10.5 ~ 179 0
111 NGC 5308 GiP 13 47 00.4361008824 +60 58 23.334066588   12.5       ~ 205 0
112 UGC 8737 G 13 48 16.707 +68 05 06.05   14.8       ~ 51 0
113 NGC 5403 GiP 13 59 50.756 +38 10 56.28   14.9   11.80   ~ 74 0
114 NGC 5422 GiG 14 00 42.0190513968 +55 09 51.863031684   13.1       ~ 156 0
115 NGC 5470 GiG 14 06 31.999 +06 01 45.86   14.5       ~ 74 0
116 NGC 5526 GiP 14 13 53.727 +57 46 16.74   14.2       ~ 62 0
117 NGC 5529 GiP 14 15 34.226 +36 13 37.12   12.9       ~ 157 2
118 NGC 5658 GiG 14 32 28.528 +00 17 38.95   14.6   13.662   ~ 58 0
119 UGC 9448 AG? 14 38 59.227 +51 07 14.69   15.3       ~ 61 0
120 UGCA 394 EmG 14 47 24.170 -17 26 44.05   13.3   12.47 12.8 ~ 71 0
121 UGC 9665 GiP 15 01 32.450 +48 19 11.65   14.9       ~ 91 0
122 NGC 5981 GiG 15 37 53.5014542688 +59 23 30.529061988   14.2       ~ 102 0
123 UGC 9977 GiP 15 41 59.553 +00 42 47.63   13.8   13.9 13.7 ~ 81 0
124 UGC 10043 GiP 15 48 41.188 +21 52 09.79   14.80       ~ 101 1
125 NGC 6010 AG? 15 54 19.1553713880 +00 32 34.949952168   13.3       ~ 88 0
126 IC 1197 AG? 16 08 17.292 +07 32 18.79   14.7       ~ 69 0
127 UGC 10288 AG? 16 14 24.804 -00 12 27.14   13.5   13.4 12.9 ~ 117 0
128 UGC 10297 LSB 16 15 28.810 +18 54 17.42   15.0       ~ 82 0
129 IC 5026 AG? 20 48 28.0612119312 -78 04 09.170029920   15.48   14.12 14.5 ~ 52 0
130 IC 5052 G 20 52 01.633 -69 11 35.93 12.83 12.20 11.66 11.40   ~ 154 0
131 ESO 287-9 GiP 21 21 16.282 -46 09 10.19   14.63   13.64 13.9 ~ 46 0
132 ESO 466-14 EmG 21 54 22.866 -31 58 09.00   15.35   14.04   ~ 39 1
133 ESO 533-4 GiC 22 14 03.018 -26 56 15.77   14.21   13.00 13.4 ~ 78 0
134 IC 5176 Sy2 22 14 55.928 -66 50 57.88   13.54   11.97 12.4 ~ 102 0
135 NGC 7241 GiP 22 15 49.878 +19 13 56.50   13.8       ~ 69 1
136 NGC 7347 AG? 22 39 56.162 +11 01 39.22   14.7       ~ 51 0
137 ESO 346-1 EmG 22 48 33.845 -39 38 56.41   14.61   13.60   ~ 59 0
138 ESO 469-15 EmG 23 08 55.613 -30 51 28.43   14.75   13.75 14.2 ~ 64 1
139 ESO 407-7 GiG 23 09 39.426 -36 25 12.31   13.81   12.41   ~ 58 1
140 UGC 12518 GiP 23 20 12.781 +07 55 55.62   15.7       ~ 59 0
141 NGC 7697 EmG 23 34 52.998 -65 23 45.45   14.33   13.19 13.7 ~ 46 1
142 UGC 12692 AG? 23 35 43.0340000304 +20 17 20.722553340   15.6       ~ 41 0
143 NGC 7710 EmG 23 35 46.1540934744 -02 52 51.368362968   15   13.44   ~ 52 0
144 ESO 240-11 EmG 23 37 49.4188489776 -47 43 38.430144948   13.05   11.69 12.3 ~ 113 1
145 ESO 292-14 Sy2 23 42 35.237 -44 54 17.46   13.97   12.85 13.3 ~ 54 0

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