2017ApJ...841...37G

Query : 2017ApJ...841...37G

2017ApJ...841...37G - Astrophys. J., 841, 37-37 (2017/May-3)

Hints on the gradual resizing of the torus in AGNs through decomposition of Spitzer/IRS spectra.

GONZALEZ-MARTIN O., MASEGOSA J., HERNAN-CABALLERO A., MARQUEZ I., RAMOS ALMEIDA C., ALONSO-HERRERO A., ARETXAGA I., RODRIGUEZ-ESPINOSA J.M., ACOSTA-PULIDO J.A., HERNANDEZ-GARCIA L., ESPARZA-ARREDONDO D., MARTINEZ-PAREDES M., BONFINI P., PASETTO A. and DULTZIN D.

Abstract (from CDS):

Several authors have claimed that less luminous active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are not capable of sustaining a dusty torus structure. Thus, a gradual resizing of the torus is expected when the AGN luminosity decreases. Our aim is to examine mid-infrared observations of local AGNs of different luminosities for the gradual resizing and disappearance of the torus. We applied the decomposition method described by Hernan-Caballero et al. to a sample of ∼100 Spitzer/IRS spectra of low-luminosity AGNs and powerful Seyferts in order to decontaminate the torus component from other contributors. We have also included Starburst objects to ensure secure decomposition of the Spitzer/IRS spectra. We have used the affinity propagation (AP) method to cluster the data into five groups within the sample according to torus contribution to the 5-15 µm range (Ctorus) and bolometric luminosity (Lbol). The AP groups show a progressively higher torus contribution and an increase of the bolometric luminosity from Group 1 (Ctorus∼0 % and log(Lbol)∼41) up to Group 5 (Ctorus∼80 % and log(Lbol)∼44). We have fitted the average spectra of each of the AP groups to clumpy models. The torus is no longer present in Group 1, supporting its disappearance at low luminosities. We were able to fit the average spectra for the torus component in Groups 3 (Ctorus∼40 % and log(Lbol)∼42.6), 4 (Ctorus∼60 % and log(Lbol)∼43.7), and 5 to Clumpy torus models. We did not find a good fitting to Clumpy torus models for Group 2 (Ctorus∼18 % and log(Lbol)∼42). This might suggest a different configuration and/or composition of the clouds for Group 2, which is consistent with the different gas content seen in Groups 1, 2, and 3, according to detections of H2 molecular lines. Groups 3, 4, and 5 show a trend of decreasing torus width (which leads to a likely decrease of the geometrical covering factor), although we cannot confirm it with the present data. Finally, Groups 3, 4, and 5 show an increase of the outer radius of the torus for higher luminosities, consistent with a resizing of the torus according to AGN luminosity.

Abstract Copyright: © 2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - galaxies: nuclei - infrared: galaxies - infrared: galaxies

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/841/37): table1.dat table2.dat table3.dat table4.dat table5.dat>

Simbad objects: 115

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Number of rows : 115
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NGC 315 LIN 00 57 48.88334410 +30 21 08.8119345 12.80 12.20 11.16 11.26   ~ 786 2
2 ESO 113-45 Sy1 01 23 45.7631533440 -58 48 20.808928944   14.08 13.83 13.34   ~ 880 0
3 NGC 526 Sy2 01 23 54.3772245792 -35 03 55.710850788   14.76 14.60 13.46   ~ 329 1
4 NGC 520 AG? 01 24 34.90 +03 47 29.4 12.41 12.24 11.42     ~ 513 3
5 ZW III 35 Sy2 01 44 30.516 +17 06 09.18   15.24 14.81     ~ 249 0
6 NGC 835 Sy2 02 09 24.606 -10 08 09.31   13.29 12.45 12.24   ~ 206 0
7 NGC 855 GiG 02 14 03.612 +27 52 37.82 14.19 13.56 12.75 12.40   ~ 229 1
8 NGC 925 H2G 02 27 16.913 +33 34 43.97   10.69 10.12 9.55   ~ 782 1
9 NGC 1052 Sy2 02 41 04.79849989 -08 15 20.7519527 11.84 11.41 10.47 10.71   ~ 1298 2
10 NGC 1097 LIN 02 46 19.059 -30 16 29.68 10.46 9.97 9.48 8.72 9.8 ~ 1341 3
11 Mrk 1066 Sy2 02 59 58.5970307633 +36 49 13.808979663   14.89 13.96     ~ 348 1
12 NGC 1269 EmG 03 17 18.5785534752 -41 06 28.628735184 9.85 9.83 8.81 8.72   ~ 422 1
13 NGC 1386 Sy1 03 36 46.238 -35 59 57.39 12.42 12.16 11.23 10.76   ~ 520 1
14 IC 342 SBG 03 46 48.514 +68 05 45.98   10.5       ~ 1515 1
15 NGC 1482 EmG 03 54 38.928 -20 30 08.82 13.15 13.14 12.15 11.29   ~ 294 2
16 NGC 1553 GiP 04 16 10.4697802536 -55 46 48.072797400 10.76 10.10 9.40 8.74   ~ 377 2
17 NGC 1614 Sy1 04 34 00.027 -08 34 44.57   14.66 13.99     ~ 667 0
18 NGC 1808 Sy2 05 07 42.343 -37 30 46.98 11.05 10.80 9.94 9.36 10.2 ~ 721 3
19 NGC 2110 Sy2 05 52 11.3768668776 -07 27 22.507465392   14.77 13.51 11.86   ~ 662 1
20 ESO 5-4 Sy2 06 05 41.721 -86 37 55.02   13.55   11.88 12.2 ~ 158 0
21 Mrk 3 Sy2 06 15 36.2812259376 +71 02 14.837219808 14.21 14.03 12.97     ~ 916 3
22 NGC 2146 SBG 06 18 37.710 +78 21 25.27 11.67 11.38 10.59     ~ 720 2
23 NGC 2273 Sy2 06 50 08.6691789600 +60 50 44.864645136   14.50 13.54     ~ 527 3
24 ESO 428-14 Sy2 07 16 31.2062162520 -29 19 28.882826364   13.28 13.52 11.61   ~ 263 4
25 NGC 2639 Sy2 08 43 38.0682469032 +50 12 19.942091604 12.90 12.56 11.65     ~ 427 2
26 NGC 2685 Sy2 08 55 34.7027817000 +58 44 03.876540108   13.68 12.70     ~ 430 1
27 NGC 2655 Sy2 08 55 37.731 +78 13 23.10   12.03 11.08     ~ 296 2
28 UGC 4881 IG 09 15 55.5 +44 19 58   14.9       ~ 169 0
29 NGC 2798 GiP 09 17 22.9 +42 00 00 13.03 13.04 12.32     ~ 325 3
30 NAME Hya A LIN 09 18 05.66848602 -12 05 43.8060823   14.38 14.8     ~ 1011 1
31 NGC 2841 LIN 09 22 02.6778711696 +50 58 35.737082868 10.43 10.09 9.22     ~ 1073 1
32 NGC 2905 H2G 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1116 3
33 UGC 5101 Sy2 09 35 51.6045544584 +61 21 11.589382368   15.20 15.50     ~ 572 4
34 NGC 2976 GiP 09 47 15.458 +67 54 58.97 11.77 11.03 10.16 9.51   ~ 672 1
35 ESO 434-40 Sy2 09 47 40.1332188528 -30 56 55.960779696   14.10 13.69 12.44   ~ 552 0
36 NGC 3081 Sy2 09 59 29.5437024336 -22 49 34.747341960   13.06 13.55 11.67 12.1 ~ 466 0
37 NGC 3079 Sy2 10 01 57.8789863992 +55 40 47.449758324 11.57 11.54 10.86     ~ 1391 3
38 NGC 3185 GiP 10 17 38.5650471192 +21 41 17.573817228   12.99 12.17 12.37   ~ 286 1
39 NGC 3189 GiP 10 18 05.643 +21 49 54.98 12.60 12.12 11.15 11.14   ~ 399 2
40 NGC 3180 GiG 10 18 16.985 +41 25 27.77   10.4       ~ 734 0
41 NGC 3198 EmG 10 19 54.990 +45 32 58.88 10.83 10.87 10.33     ~ 905 1
42 NGC 3256 Sy2 10 27 51.284 -43 54 13.55   11.83 11.33 10.62 11.9 ~ 847 2
43 NGC 3281 Sy2 10 31 52.086 -34 51 13.40   12.62 14.02 11.17   ~ 364 0
44 NGC 3310 AGN 10 38 45.85707 +53 30 11.8940   12.45 12.15     ~ 773 1
45 NGC 3367 Sy1 10 46 34.9528432440 +13 45 03.081157488 11.89 12.05 11.50     ~ 275 1
46 NGC 3393 Sy2 10 48 23.4653152920 -25 09 43.487648784   13.10 13.95 11.67 12.2 ~ 424 1
47 M 108 SBG 11 11 30.967 +55 40 26.84   10.70       ~ 471 1
48 NGC 3621 Sy2 11 18 16.300 -32 48 45.36 10.10 9.44 9.56 8.07 10.1 ~ 590 3
49 M 66 GiP 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 9.85 9.65 8.92     ~ 1386 4
50 NGC 3628 GiP 11 20 17.018 +13 35 22.16   10.42 9.48 9.22   ~ 826 3
51 NGC 3783 Sy1 11 39 01.7096819040 -37 44 19.009642992   12.46 13.43 11.33 12.1 ~ 1647 0
52 NGC 4111 GiP 12 07 03.1334091672 +43 03 56.345868252 12.07 11.63 10.74     ~ 335 1
53 NGC 4125 GiP 12 08 06.017 +65 10 26.88 11.14 10.65 9.72     ~ 427 2
54 LEDA 39024 LIN 12 13 46.107 +02 48 41.50           ~ 354 1
55 NGC 4261 LIN 12 19 23.2160630 +05 49 29.700024   13.92 12.87     ~ 1223 0
56 NGC 4278 LIN 12 20 06.8242 +29 16 50.722 11.54 11.09 10.16     ~ 946 2
57 NGC 4314 LIN 12 22 32.0223000912 +29 53 43.814812200 11.72 11.43 10.58     ~ 479 1
58 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1845 2
59 M 84 Sy2 12 25 03.74333 +12 53 13.1393 12.67 12.09 10.49     ~ 1762 2
60 NGC 4385 AGN 12 25 42.8099950872 +00 34 21.278141652   14.63 14.12 13.1 12.8 ~ 272 0
61 NGC 4388 Sy2 12 25 46.820 +12 39 43.45 11.91 11.76 11.02     ~ 1340 2
62 NGC 4395 Sy2 12 25 48.8633109888 +33 32 48.700168152 10.84 10.54 10.11 9.98   ~ 1177 1
63 NGC 4438 LIN 12 27 45.6705493536 +13 00 31.708096380 11.37 11.02 10.17     ~ 635 2
64 NGC 4450 LIN 12 28 29.5910654016 +17 05 05.976112020   10.90 10.08     ~ 563 2
65 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7189 3
66 NGC 4507 Sy2 12 35 36.6338976888 -39 54 33.710416272   12.95 13.54 11.70 12.4 ~ 495 0
67 M 89 LIN 12 35 39.80733343 +12 33 22.8308657 11.29 10.73 9.75     ~ 995 2
68 NGC 4589 LIN 12 37 24.9875 +74 11 30.903   12.0       ~ 285 1
69 M 58 Sy2 12 37 43.5 +11 49 06 10.80 10.48 9.66     ~ 1078 2
70 M 104 LIN 12 39 59.43185902 -11 37 22.9961800 9.51 9.55 8.00 8.05   ~ 1396 3
71 NGC 4636 LIN 12 42 49.8333280080 +02 41 15.951929028   12.62 11.84     ~ 1117 1
72 IC 819 AGN 12 46 10.1 +30 43 55           ~ 277 1
73 NGC 4698 Sy2 12 48 22.9082830584 +08 29 14.667552276   13.24 12.27     ~ 483 0
74 NGC 4696 BiC 12 48 49.2724775784 -41 18 39.304053252   11.21   10.7   ~ 490 3
75 NGC 4725 Sy2 12 50 26.5716367992 +25 30 02.733090588   13.45 12.44     ~ 695 2
76 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1386 2
77 Mrk 231 Sy1 12 56 14.2341182928 +56 52 25.238373852   14.68 13.84     ~ 1987 3
78 NGC 4941 Sy2 13 04 13.1036380320 -05 33 05.752803672   13.18 12.23 10.74   ~ 369 0
79 NGC 4939 Sy2 13 04 14.3280524928 -10 20 22.300454724   14.81 13.80 10.92   ~ 309 1
80 NGC 4945 Sy2 13 05 27.279 -49 28 04.44   9.31 14.40 7.55   ~ 1474 2
81 NGC 5005 GiP 13 10 56.312 +37 03 32.19   14.67 13.67     ~ 541 2
82 NGC 5135 Sy2 13 25 44.059 -29 50 01.24   12.58 13.35 11.53 12.2 ~ 474 1
83 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4329 4
84 ESO 383-35 Sy1 13 35 53.7691256160 -34 17 44.160716796   13.89 13.61 8.9   ~ 1483 0
85 NGC 5256B LIN 13 38 17.3501417856 +48 16 31.909717416   14.19 13.42     ~ 84 0
86 NGC 5256A Sy2 13 38 17.7814755960 +48 16 41.113184700   15.0       ~ 48 0
87 Mrk 273 Sy2 13 44 42.1781 +55 53 12.819   15.68 14.91     ~ 913 3
88 ESO 445-50 Sy1 13 49 19.2601801224 -30 18 34.213815504   13.81 13.66 12.18 12.35 ~ 804 0
89 NGC 5347 Sy2 13 53 17.7984934128 +33 29 27.011618196   13.46 12.70     ~ 353 1
90 NAME Circinus Galaxy Sy2 14 13 09.906 -65 20 20.47   10.89 9.84 10.6 10.0 ~ 1214 2
91 NGC 5506 Sy2 14 13 14.8761010056 -03 12 27.556909272   15.25 14.38     ~ 1091 0
92 NGC 5548 Sy1 14 17 59.5400291832 +25 08 12.603122268   14.35 13.73     ~ 2709 0
93 NGC 5643 Sy2 14 32 40.778 -44 10 28.60   11.03 13.60 9.92 10.6 ~ 571 0
94 LEDA 52270 Sy1 14 37 38.2867288488 -15 00 24.087592692   16.58 16.40     ~ 276 1
95 NGC 5728 Sy2 14 42 23.8918506576 -17 15 11.240783784   14.34 13.40     ~ 594 0
96 M 102 SyG 15 06 29.561 +55 45 47.91 11.12 10.74 9.89     ~ 552 3
97 NGC 6251 Sy2 16 32 31.96989253 +82 32 16.3999044 15.24 14.66 12.89 7.62   ~ 727 0
98 ESO 138-1 Sy2 16 51 20.2789606296 -59 14 04.184655576   14.35 13.63 13.02   ~ 142 0
99 NGC 6240 Sy2 16 52 58.9 +02 24 03   14.31 13.37     ~ 1637 2
100 LEDA 60189 LIN 17 23 21.943 -00 17 00.96   15.1       ~ 424 0
101 ESO 103-35 Sy2 18 38 20.3204821536 -65 25 39.141804936   14.75 14.53 13.24   ~ 316 0
102 LEDA 89032 Sy1 18 47 02.6924542152 -78 31 49.609309728   16.14 15.55 13.2   ~ 100 0
103 NAME Super Antennae Sy2 19 31 21.4272801984 -72 39 21.442847832   17.39 16.37 14.65   ~ 302 2
104 Mrk 509 Sy1 20 44 09.7504483224 -10 43 24.727155528   13.35 13.12 10.7   ~ 1276 0
105 NGC 7130 Sy2 21 48 19.5412287192 -34 57 04.492024884   12.86 13.87 11.57   ~ 450 0
106 NGC 7172 Sy2 22 02 01.897 -31 52 11.60   12.72 13.61 11.15 25.10 ~ 529 1
107 NGC 7213 Sy1 22 09 16.2100443720 -47 10 00.115999716   10.97 12.08 10.50 10.6 ~ 653 0
108 NGC 7252 EmG 22 20 44.7748209648 -24 40 41.909518200 12.26 12.46 12.06 11.57   ~ 703 1
109 NGC 7314 Sy2 22 35 46.1985355872 -26 03 01.564993476   11.62 13.11 10.61 11.4 ~ 565 0
110 NGC 7331 LIN 22 37 04.0506038088 +34 24 56.800076508 10.65 10.35 9.48     ~ 1227 2
111 IC 1459 AGN 22 57 10.60682195 -36 27 43.9966421   10.96 11.85 9.34 10.3 ~ 624 2
112 Mrk 926 Sy1 23 04 43.4776098480 -08 41 08.629476864   16.20 15.91 9.4   ~ 456 0
113 NGC 7582 Sy2 23 18 23.60 -42 22 13.3 11.62 10.92 10.62     ~ 906 2
114 LEDA 71390 Sy1 23 25 19.201 -12 07 27.04   15.45 15.46     ~ 178 2
115 NGC 7743 Sy2 23 44 21.1607807112 +09 56 02.970989664   14.19 13.28     ~ 313 0

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