SIMBAD references

Dust plays a central role in the unification theory of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Whether the dust that forms the torus around an AGN is micron-sized, like interstellar grains, or much larger, has a profound impact on correcting for the obscuration of the dust torus to recover the intrinsic spectrum and luminosity of the AGN. Here we show that the ratio of the optical extinction in the visual band (A_V) to the optical depth of the 9.7 µm silicate absorption feature (Δτ_9.7) could potentially be an effective probe of the dust size. The anomalously lower ratio of A_V/Δτ_9.7 ≃ 5.5 of AGNs compared to that of the Galactic diffuse interstellar medium of A_V/Δτ_9.7 ≃ 18 reveals that the dust in AGN tori could be substantially larger than the interstellar grains of the Milky Way and those of the Small Magellanic Cloud, and therefore, one could expect a flat extinction curve for AGNs.