2016ApJ...826..135L

Query : 2016ApJ...826..135L

2016ApJ...826..135L - Astrophys. J., 826, 135-135 (2016/August-1)

Acceleration of compact radio jets on sub-parsec scales.

LEE S.-S., LOBANOV A.P., KRICHBAUM T.P. and ZENSUS J.A.

Abstract (from CDS):

Jets of compact radio sources are highly relativistic and Doppler boosted, making studies of their intrinsic properties difficult. Observed brightness temperatures can be used to study the intrinsic physical properties of relativistic jets, and constrain models of jet formation in the inner jet region. We aim to observationally test such inner jet models. The very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) cores of compact radio sources are optically thick at a given frequency. The distance of the core from the central engine is inversely proportional to the frequency. Under the equipartition condition between the magnetic field energy and particle energy densities, the absolute distance of the VLBI core can be predicted. We compiled the brightness temperatures of VLBI cores at various radio frequencies of 2, 8, 15, and 86 GHz. We derive the brightness temperature on sub-parsec scales in the rest frame of the compact radio sources. We find that the brightness temperature increases with increasing distance from the central engine, indicating that the intrinsic jet speed (the Lorentz factor) increases along the jet. This implies that the jets are accelerated in the (sub-)parsec regions from the central engine.

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - galaxies: jets - galaxies: nuclei - radio continuum: galaxies - quasars: general

Simbad objects: 118

Full paper

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Number of rows : 118

N	Identifier	Otype	ICRS (J2000) RA	ICRS (J2000) DEC	Mag U	Mag B	Mag V	Mag R	Mag I	Sp type	#ref 1850 - 2022	#notes
1	QSO B0003-066	BLL	00 06 13.8928497048	-06 23 35.332689228		19.1		17.14		~	300	1
2	6C 001403+811827	BLL	00 17 08.4752241816	+81 35 08.137070016		17.60	16.52	15.95		~	371	1
3	QSO B0016+73	QSO	00 19 45.7863851568	+73 27 30.018073212			19.0	18.26		~	283	1
4	NGC 315	LIN	00 57 48.8590525608	+30 21 08.842041360	12.80	12.20	11.16	11.26		~	749	2
5	4C 01.02	QSO	01 08 38.7711625632	+01 35 00.318640596		18.54	18.39	19.05		~	496	1
6	QSO B0112-0142	QSO	01 15 17.0998793424	-01 27 04.579324416		17	17.235	17.81		~	209	1
7	QSO B0119+115	QSO	01 21 41.5943568672	+11 49 50.417513652		19.5	19.0	18.61		~	172	1
8	QSO B0119+041	QSO	01 21 56.8612353744	+04 22 24.734216064		19.2	19.5	19.40		~	176	1
9	QSO B0133+476	Bla	01 36 58.5947351640	+47 51 29.099491848			18.0	19.25	15.21	~	468	1
10	QSO B0149+218	QSO	01 52 18.0587265528	+22 07 07.696343460			18	18.89		~	150	1
11	QSO B0201+113	QSO	02 03 46.6570697736	+11 34 45.410523492		19.5	19.5	19.41		~	193	1
12	4C 15.05	Bla	02 04 50.41389571	+15 14 11.0436591		21.9	22.1	21.00		~	383	1
13	7C 020209.69+315812.00	QSO	02 05 04.9251427344	+32 12 30.093761736			18.00	17.40		~	208	1
14	4C 28.07	QSO	02 37 52.4057664048	+28 48 08.990026884			18.5	16.99		~	554	1
15	QSO B0235+1624	BLL	02 38 38.9300958576	+16 36 59.276150136		16.46	15.50	15.92		~	1453	2
16	NGC 1052	GiP	02 41 04.7997864552	-08 15 20.761481016	11.84	11.41	10.47	10.71		~	1232	2
17	4C 32.14	QSO	03 36 30.1074972672	+32 18 29.341371132			17.50	16.6		~	609	1
18	4C 50.11	QSO	03 59 29.7469819512	+50 57 50.159106936						~	416	1
19	3C 111	Sy1	04 18 21.2772425736	+38 01 35.801359968		19.75	18.05			~	898	1
20	Mrk 1506	Sy1	04 33 11.0956735296	+05 21 15.619461552		15.72	15.05	10.08		~	1924	2
21	QSO B0440-003	QSO	04 42 38.6605722792	-00 17 43.421193564		19.59	19.22	17.85		~	370	1
22	QSO B0521-365	BLL	05 22 57.9841341216	-36 27 30.847204512		15.26	14.62	14.48		~	779	2
23	QSO B0537-286	QSO	05 39 54.2815136376	-28 39 55.947762216		19.70	20.0	18.789		~	260	1
24	7C 055201.39+394824.00	QSO	05 55 30.8055972888	+39 48 49.166341920			18.0	17.5		~	487	2
25	6C 060237+672110	QSO	06 07 52.6703026608	+67 20 55.412148084		20.6	20.6	20.21		~	91	1
26	QSO B0607-157	QSO	06 09 40.9493089944	-15 42 40.667570496		18.47	18.0	19.90		~	299	1
27	6C 061543+820331	QSO	06 26 03.0063691536	+82 02 25.567781928		17.5	17.5	18.52		~	152	1
28	7C 064253.00+445430.00	QSO	06 46 32.0253442416	+44 51 16.588600488		19.57	18.49	18.64		~	334	1
29	8C 0716+714	BLL	07 21 53.4482942664	+71 20 36.363846516		15.5	14.17	14.27		~	1211	1
30	QSO J0730-116	QSO	07 30 19.1119137384	-11 41 12.596691444			20.30	20.3		~	279	1
31	QSO B0736+01	QSO	07 39 18.0339358560	+01 37 04.618841340		16.90	16.47	16.19		~	648	1
32	ICRF J074110.7+311200	Sy1	07 41 10.7033429280	+31 12 00.230596416		17.02	16.89	16.322		~	428	1
33	QSO B0742+103	QSO	07 45 33.05952141	+10 11 12.6923363				23.72		~	186	1
34	QSO B0745+241	QSO	07 48 36.1087026816	+24 00 24.109630416		19.70	18.89	17.88		~	191	1
35	QSO B0748+126	QSO	07 50 52.0455280992	+12 31 04.828034820		17.67	17.28	17.16		~	302	1
36	7C 080458.39+495918.00	QSO	08 08 39.6660148632	+49 50 36.535256700		19.55	19.18	18.34		~	338	2
37	7C 081451.89+423206.00	BLL	08 18 15.9997819800	+42 22 45.414412572		18.88	18.18	17.81		~	371	1
38	7C 082754.29+242103.00	QSO	08 30 52.0861432224	+24 10 59.822369580		17.62	17.26	16.30		~	486	1
39	4C 58.17	QSO	08 54 41.9965316472	+57 57 29.939360472		18.56	18.18	17.43		~	218	1
40	QSO J0854+2006	BLL	08 54 48.8749846272	+20 06 30.639583620		15.91	15.43	15.56		~	2169	1
41	4C 47.29	QSO	09 03 03.9901509360	+46 51 04.140636948		19.90	19.44	18.7		~	238	1
42	6C 091740+445437	QSO	09 20 58.4583974280	+44 41 53.986407072		18.40	18.16	16.55		~	346	1
43	ICRF J092703.0+390220	Sy1	09 27 03.0138528936	+39 02 20.850343332		17.17	17.00	16.486		~	959	1
44	4C 40.24	QSO	09 48 55.3382263320	+40 39 44.589392532		18.31	18.02	17.85		~	321	1
45	6C 095505+473957	QSO	09 58 19.6716244680	+47 25 07.843345896		18.78	18.62	18.39		~	215	1
46	4C 21.28	QSO	10 51 48.7882723152	+21 19 52.315780584			18.5	17.72		~	136	1
47	4C 01.28	BLL	10 58 29.6054370384	+01 33 58.820502924		18.74	18.28	16.68		~	712	2
48	Mrk 421	BLL	11 04 27.3140835504	+38 12 31.798495872		13.50	12.90	8.31		~	2522	1
49	4C 12.39	QSO	11 18 57.3014979096	+12 34 41.715230196		19.39	19.25	19.10		~	244	1
50	QSO B1124-186	QSO	11 27 04.3922636736	-18 57 17.439607512		19.17		19.23		~	203	1
51	QSO B1128+385	QSO	11 30 53.2825598016	+38 15 18.551693556		19.11	18.80	19.42		~	185	1
52	QSO B1145-071	QSO	11 47 51.5538881904	-07 24 41.138624592		19.0	18.5	18.10		~	168	1
53	8C 1150+812	QSO	11 53 12.4986308136	+80 58 29.152394328			18.5	18.54		~	227	1
54	Ton 599	QSO	11 59 31.8338889192	+29 14 43.826803116		14.80	14.41	17.652	13.39	~	851	1
55	7C 1219+2830	BLL	12 21 31.6904439888	+28 13 58.500308172		16.81	16.11	14.24		~	814	1
56	3C 273	BLL	12 29 06.6998257176	+02 03 08.597629980		13.05	14.830	14.11		~	5573	1
57	M 87	BiC	12 30 49.42338230	+12 23 28.0438581	10.16	9.59	8.63		7.49	~	6684	3
58	QSO J1246-2547	QSO	12 46 46.8017282136	-25 47 49.289500104		17.65	17.41	16.96	15.5	~	252	1
59	3C 279	Bla	12 56 11.1663795384	-05 47 21.528432492		18.01	17.75	15.87		~	2873	2
60	7C 1308+3236	BLL	13 10 28.6639899312	+32 20 43.774028664		15.61	15.24	17.91		~	790	1
61	QSO B1324+224	QSO	13 27 00.8609838552	+22 10 50.163758976			18.90	18.80		~	143	1
62	QSO B1334-127	QSO	13 37 39.7829208840	-12 57 24.693846264		18.5	18.5	16.22		~	458	1
63	QSO B1404+286	BLL	14 07 00.3941769384	+28 27 14.692128372		16.13	15.35	10.29		~	726	2
64	6C 142433+363850	QSO	14 26 37.0868327352	+36 25 09.564540924		20.44	19.93	20.27		~	59	1
65	4C -05.64	QSO	15 10 53.5915864584	-05 43 07.417490736		17.44	17.21			~	203	1
66	QSO B1511-100	QSO	15 13 44.8936785000	-10 12 00.264580164		18.5	18.5	17.35		~	107	1
67	4C 05.64	QSO	15 50 35.2692689760	+05 27 10.455019380		19.10	18.73	19.02		~	303	1
68	QSO B1555+001	QSO	15 57 51.4338994584	-00 01 50.414034648		20.10	19.72	18.75		~	172	1
69	4C 10.45	QSO	16 08 46.2032041032	+10 29 07.779419592		18.5	18.0	18.03		~	355	1
70	6C 161147+342017	QSO	16 13 41.0642858568	+34 12 47.910181572		17.98	17.46	17.07		~	600	1
71	QSO B1622-253	QSO	16 25 46.8886080600	-25 27 38.336613804		21.3	20.6	19.60		~	322	1
72	4C 41.32	QSO	16 25 57.66971410	+41 34 40.6292986			22	21.73		~	161	1
73	NGC 6251	Sy2	16 32 31.9740654384	+82 32 16.403167068	15.24	14.66	12.89	7.62		~	695	0
74	4C 38.41	QSO	16 35 15.4928147784	+38 08 04.499799360		18.14	17.97	17.25		~	802	1
75	ICRF J163813.4+572023	Sy1	16 38 13.4562758136	+57 20 23.980140888			17.0	16.94		~	327	1
76	6C 163852+395305	QSO	16 40 29.6332404024	+39 46 46.030865700		18.4	16.5	18.75		~	289	2
77	3C 345	QSO	16 42 58.8102993888	+39 48 37.002763188		16.81	16.59	16.84		~	1624	2
78	4C 39.49	BLL	16 53 52.2160772976	+39 45 36.613228860	14.09	14.15	13.29	8.26		~	2026	2
79	6C 165641+474241	QSO	16 58 02.7795096192	+47 37 49.230782652		17.93	17.70	17.02		~	105	1
80	QSO J1658+0741	QSO	16 58 09.0115232160	+07 41 27.544209360		19.993	19.5	19.598		~	161	1
81	QSO B1730-130	QSO	17 33 02.7055087032	-13 04 49.545516612		18	18.5	18.78	17.39	~	1064	1
82	4C 51.37	Bla	17 40 36.9781162752	+52 11 43.408067208		18.16	18.5	16.73		~	380	1
83	QSO B1741-038	QSO	17 43 58.8561752304	-03 50 04.618401684			18.5	17.98		~	508	1
84	4C 09.57	BLL	17 51 32.8186120872	+09 39 00.728629416		17.46	16.78	15.57		~	881	1
85	7C 175844.60+384828.00	QSO	18 00 24.7653461736	+38 48 30.697069572		17.8	17.8	17.04		~	139	1
86	8C 1803+784	BLL	18 00 45.6838528560	+78 28 04.018028016		16.4	16.4	15.46		~	692	1
87	3C 371	BLL	18 06 50.6802916920	+69 49 28.109609256		14.77	14.22	11.39		~	819	2
88	QSO J1824+1044	Bla	18 24 02.8552002000	+10 44 23.773545492		17.66	17.27	16.71		~	165	1
89	4C 56.27	BLL	18 24 07.0679485560	+56 51 01.479645612		18.9	18.4	16.48		~	453	1
90	ICRF J184916.0+670541	Sy1	18 49 16.0719656904	+67 05 41.681210424			20	17.45		~	235	1
91	QSO B1908-202	QSO	19 11 09.6526857480	-20 06 55.109271780		18.21		18.14		~	252	0
92	QSO B1921-293	BLL	19 24 51.0555700728	-29 14 30.118109640		18.71	18.21	15.07		~	772	0
93	QSO B1937-1009	BLL	19 39 57.2566747152	-10 02 41.522299692		18.800	19.0	17.188		~	180	1
94	QSO B1954+513	QSO	19 55 42.7384954488	+51 31 48.542394936			18.5	17.34		~	227	1
95	QSO B1954-388	QSO	19 57 59.8193971392	-38 45 06.356631852		18.47	17.07	16.73		~	198	1
96	NAME Cyg A	Sy2	19 59 28.35645829	+40 44 02.0966496		16.22	15.10			~	2241	2
97	QSO B1958-179	QSO	20 00 57.0904184064	-17 48 57.674464236		18.02	17.46	15.33		~	237	1
98	QSO B2029+121	BLL	20 31 54.9939999792	+12 19 41.345344596			18.5	17.42		~	140	1
99	QSO J2115+295	QSO	21 15 29.4133345104	+29 33 38.366174628			19.5	19.26		~	151	1
100	QSO J2123+0535	QSO	21 23 44.5173734952	+05 35 22.093702692		18.3	17.5	19.86		~	271	1
101	QSO B2126-15	QSO	21 29 12.1759496520	-15 38 41.040389292		17.61	17.3	17.3		~	480	1
102	QSO B2128-123	BLL	21 31 35.2617909696	-12 07 04.795364172		16.33	16.11	15.87		~	436	1
103	4C -02.81	BLL	21 34 10.3103777568	-01 53 17.234980584		18.6	19.0	18.87		~	346	1
104	QSO B2136+1410	QSO	21 39 01.3093296432	+14 23 35.988162648			18.5	18.22		~	239	1
105	4C 06.69	QSO	21 48 05.4586454304	+06 57 38.602799388		16.85	16.47	15.06		~	628	1
106	NAME BL Lac	BLL	22 02 43.2913536816	+42 16 39.979416792		15.66	14.72			~	2130	1
107	4C 31.63	BLL	22 03 14.9756830008	+31 45 38.269473228		15.85	15.58	14.33		~	474	1
108	BWE 2209+2340	QSO	22 12 05.9664991416	+23 55 40.543886604		19		19.69		~	203	1
109	4C -03.79	QSO	22 18 52.0376984088	-03 35 36.879875124		16.93	16.38	16.15		~	323	1
110	3C 446	BLL	22 25 47.2594205952	-04 57 01.390436856		18.83	18.39	16.3		~	790	1
111	AT20G J222940-083254	QSO	22 29 40.0843811352	-08 32 54.437624196		17.80	17.41	17.81		~	317	1
112	4C 11.69	QSO	22 32 36.4089639768	+11 43 50.904601176		17.75	17.33			~	1039	2
113	QSO B2232+282	BLL	22 36 22.4708346336	+28 28 57.411659856		19.1	19.0	17.60		~	235	1
114	QSO J2246-1206	QSO	22 46 18.2322488304	-12 06 51.278055084		16.63	16.45	15.99		~	270	1
115	3C 454.3	Bla	22 53 57.7480438728	+16 08 53.561508864		16.57	16.10	15.22		~	2675	2
116	ICRF J225805.9-275821	Sy1	22 58 05.9627218728	-27 58 21.258376248		17.34	16.77	17.20		~	324	1
117	QSO B2329-16	BLL	23 31 38.6527958352	-15 56 57.011907156		20.72		20.65		~	122	1
118	QSO B2345-167	QSO	23 48 02.6085903648	-16 31 12.023178096		18.00	18.41	16.86		~	377	1

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