2013MNRAS.431.3060E

Query : 2013MNRAS.431.3060E

2013MNRAS.431.3060E - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 431, 3060-3086 (2013/June-1)

Peanuts at an angle: detecting and measuring the three-dimensional structure of bars in moderately inclined galaxies.

ERWIN P. and DEBATTISTA V.P.

Abstract (from CDS):

We show that direct detection and measurement of the vertically thickened parts of bars (so-called `boxy' or `peanut-shaped' bulges) are possible not only for edge-on galaxies but also for galaxies with moderate inclinations (i < 70°), and that examples are relatively common in the nearby Universe. The analysis of a sample of 78 nearby, moderately inclined (i ≲ 65°) early-type (S0-Sb) barred galaxies shows that the isophotal signature of the box/peanut can usually be detected for inclinations as low as i ∼ 40° - and in exceptional cases down to i ∼ 30°. In agreement with the predictions from N-body simulations, the signature is most easily detectable when the bar's position angle is within ∼50° of the galaxy major axis; in particular, galaxies where the bar lies very close to the minor axis do not show the signature clearly or at all. For galaxies with i = 40°-65° and relative angles <45°, we find evidence for the signature ~2/3 of the time; the true frequency of box/peanut structures in bars may be higher. Comparison with N-body models also allows us to link observed photometric morphology with 3D physical structures, and thus estimate the relative sizes of box/peanut structures and bars. For our local sample, we find that box/peanut structures range in radial size (measured along the bar major axis) from 0.4 to 3.8 kpc (mean =1.5±0.9 kpc) and span 0.26-0.58 of the bar length (mean of 0.38±0.08). This is a clear observational confirmation that when bars thicken, it is not the entire bar which does so, but only the inner part. This technique can also be used to identify galaxies with bars which have not vertically thickened. We suggest that NGC 3049 and IC 676 may be particularly good examples, and that the fraction of S0-Sb bars which lack box/peanut structures is at least ∼13 per cent.

Abstract Copyright: © 2013 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (2013)

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies: evolution - galaxies: spiral - galaxies: structure

Simbad objects: 117

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Number of rows : 117
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NGC 98 EmG 00 22 49.5591226080 -45 16 08.606637120   13.59   12.31 12.8 ~ 38 0
2 NGC 128 GiG 00 29 15.0429950112 +02 51 50.564329164   13.2       ~ 205 0
3 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 12650 1
4 NGC 278 H2G 00 52 04.3452013728 +47 33 01.675026036   10.5       ~ 234 1
5 NGC 600 Sy2 01 33 05.292 -07 18 41.06   13.1   13.0 12.9 ~ 86 0
6 NGC 718 GiC 01 53 13.2842245224 +04 11 44.843164296   12.52 11.67 11.10 10.29 ~ 153 0
7 NGC 936 EmG 02 27 37.462 -01 09 22.61   11.1   9.98 10.7 ~ 356 0
8 NGC 1022 GiG 02 38 32.703 -06 40 38.60 12.33 12.09 11.34     ~ 203 1
9 NGC 1023 AG? 02 40 24.0133575864 +39 03 47.663392896 10.91 10.35 9.35 7.83   ~ 660 2
10 M 77 Sy2 02 42 40.7091669408 -00 00 47.859690204 9.70 9.61 8.87 10.1 9.9 ~ 4602 2
11 NGC 1079 Sy2 02 43 44.3354434608 -29 00 11.748886668   12.17 11.37 10.86 11.5 ~ 138 0
12 NGC 1350 Sy2 03 31 08.119 -33 37 43.10   11.20 10.52 9.77 10.6 ~ 182 0
13 NGC 1375 GiG 03 35 16.8025873104 -35 15 56.371399740 13.50 13.02 12.40 11.74   ~ 165 1
14 NGC 1415 EmG 03 40 56.8533432024 -22 33 52.235588808   12.47   11.08   ~ 121 0
15 NGC 1784 Sy2 05 05 27.118 -11 52 17.12   11.4   10.92 11.5 ~ 115 0
16 NGC 1808 Sy2 05 07 42.343 -37 30 46.98 11.05 10.80 9.94 9.36 10.2 ~ 721 3
17 NGC 2273 Sy2 06 50 08.6691789600 +60 50 44.864645136   14.50 13.54     ~ 527 3
18 UGC 3576 GiG 06 53 06.9526355592 +50 02 03.003165384   14.6       ~ 49 0
19 UGC 3685 GiG 07 09 05.9246956320 +61 35 44.062687680   13.1       ~ 53 0
20 NGC 2442 LIN 07 36 23.7700545576 -69 31 50.997856332 11.47 11.15 10.42 9.71 10.4 ~ 222 1
21 NGC 2549 AG? 08 18 58.3507032336 +57 48 11.022298740   12.1       ~ 254 0
22 IC 499 GiG 08 45 17.3770028016 +85 44 24.384298884   13.5       ~ 31 0
23 NGC 2681 LIN 08 53 32.7183058512 +51 18 49.159212120 11.40 11.09 10.29     ~ 318 1
24 NGC 2712 Sy2 08 59 30.4854395352 +44 54 50.079495852   12.30       ~ 181 0
25 NGC 2787 LIN 09 19 18.6046606656 +69 12 11.630716128   12.92 11.79     ~ 354 0
26 NGC 2859 AG? 09 24 18.5266762368 +34 30 48.561305832   11.8       ~ 256 0
27 NGC 2880 GiG 09 29 34.5699581472 +62 29 26.020090572   12.6       ~ 156 0
28 NGC 2962 GiP 09 40 53.9321546928 +05 09 57.032828496   13.1       ~ 201 0
29 NGC 2950 AG? 09 42 35.1484995048 +58 51 04.584956904   11.8       ~ 206 0
30 NGC 3049 EmG 09 54 49.651 +09 16 17.90   13.04       ~ 329 1
31 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4450 3
32 NGC 3185 GiP 10 17 38.5650471192 +21 41 17.573817228   12.99 12.17 12.37   ~ 286 1
33 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1122 2
34 M 96 GiP 10 46 45.744 +11 49 11.78 10.42 10.15 9.25 8.99   ~ 819 1
35 NGC 3412 GiG 10 50 53.2803559464 +13 24 43.721664876 11.84 11.45 10.54     ~ 238 1
36 NGC 3485 AGN 11 00 02.3705905728 +14 50 29.983054596   12.8       ~ 125 0
37 NGC 3489 GiG 11 00 18.5483994744 +13 54 04.206202668 11.46 11.12 10.29     ~ 400 1
38 NGC 3504 LIN 11 03 11.3 +27 58 21   13.48 12.93     ~ 524 2
39 NGC 3507 GiP 11 03 25.3619733360 +18 08 07.607343732   11.4       ~ 184 0
40 IC 676 GiG 11 12 39.8140774166 +09 03 19.836734750   13.4       ~ 139 0
41 NGC 3595 GiG 11 15 25.5491549736 +47 26 49.424185356   13.0       ~ 68 0
42 NGC 3599 GiP 11 15 26.9494646448 +18 06 37.428503940   13.0       ~ 208 0
43 NGC 3626 GiG 11 20 03.8069651160 +18 21 24.543304164   11.2       ~ 258 0
44 M 66 GiP 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 9.85 9.65 8.92     ~ 1386 4
45 NGC 3673 EmG 11 25 12.8553677232 -26 44 12.311232288   12.31   11.00 11.6 ~ 90 0
46 NGC 3729 GiP 11 33 49.321 +53 07 31.79   12.2       ~ 206 1
47 NGC 3885 Sy2 11 46 46.4536031880 -27 55 20.056518516 12.19 12.68 11.89 11.46   ~ 129 1
48 NGC 3941 Sy2 11 52 55.3609498656 +36 59 10.716212904   11.45 11.62 9.97   ~ 244 0
49 NGC 3945 GiG 11 53 13.6081388304 +60 40 32.125024704   11.6       ~ 242 0
50 NGC 3982 Sy1 11 56 28.1445516072 +55 07 30.859586652   12.20 11.70 11.18   ~ 550 1
51 M 109 GiG 11 57 35.9631479640 +53 22 29.006082336   10.94   9.57   ~ 457 0
52 NGC 3998 Sy2 11 57 56.1334044408 +55 27 12.922443432   11.64 12.10 10.09   ~ 643 2
53 NGC 4037 EmG 12 01 23.6605207728 +13 24 03.710175552   13.8       ~ 124 0
54 NGC 4045 AGN 12 02 42.2505701136 +01 58 36.362990064   13.144   16.938 12.1 ~ 198 0
55 NGC 4102 Sy2 12 06 23.0 +52 42 40   11.8       ~ 422 1
56 NGC 4123 AGN 12 08 11.1187718376 +02 52 41.781736956   13.1       ~ 340 2
57 NGC 4143 LIN 12 09 36.0679174440 +42 32 03.031963368   13.04 12.08     ~ 233 0
58 NGC 4151 Sy1 12 10 32.5759813872 +39 24 21.063527532   12.18 11.48     ~ 3691 2
59 M 98 LIN 12 13 48.2910686976 +14 54 01.953475200 11.25 10.95 10.14     ~ 482 1
60 NGC 4203 LIN 12 15 05.0549203560 +33 11 50.383965120   12.98 11.99     ~ 492 2
61 NGC 4220 GiP 12 16 11.7271475400 +47 53 00.116701188   12.4       ~ 153 0
62 NGC 4245 GiG 12 17 36.7836585312 +29 36 28.898544204   12.4       ~ 179 0
63 NGC 4267 GiG 12 19 45.2735790120 +12 47 53.704780368   12.4       ~ 244 0
64 NGC 4293 LIN 12 21 12.891 +18 22 56.64   11.6       ~ 292 2
65 NGC 4319 GiP 12 21 43.8928660008 +75 19 21.030501144   13.0       ~ 150 0
66 NGC 4314 LIN 12 22 32.0223000912 +29 53 43.814812200 11.72 11.43 10.58     ~ 479 1
67 NGC 4340 GiP 12 23 35.2816311336 +16 43 20.443217952   12.4       ~ 277 0
68 NGC 4386 GiG 12 24 28.3881987336 +75 31 44.306606316   12.6       ~ 83 1
69 NGC 4369 GiG 12 24 36.204 +39 22 58.73   12.3       ~ 189 1
70 NGC 4371 GiG 12 24 55.4333579760 +11 42 15.144247584 12.35 11.79 10.81     ~ 318 1
71 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 26 32.1 +12 43 24           ~ 6645 0
72 NGC 4429 GiG 12 27 26.5040002440 +11 06 27.588767616   11.4       ~ 318 0
73 NGC 4442 GiG 12 28 03.8815318272 +09 48 13.426522272   11.2       ~ 283 0
74 NGC 4462 AG? 12 29 21.1323465768 -23 10 00.017914188   12.81 11.54 11.26   ~ 79 0
75 NGC 4477 Sy2 12 30 02.1955766304 +13 38 11.543715888 11.98 11.38 10.42     ~ 396 2
76 NGC 4531 GiG 12 34 15.8672289240 +13 04 31.092418884   12.42       ~ 146 1
77 NGC 4535 H2G 12 34 20.3443516704 +08 11 51.908488116   11.1       ~ 617 0
78 NGC 4596 GiP 12 39 55.9544722920 +10 10 34.185047628   12.4       ~ 366 0
79 NGC 4608 GiP 12 41 13.2848464320 +10 09 20.336341500   12.6       ~ 194 0
80 NGC 4612 GiG 12 41 32.7539216616 +07 18 53.535354804   11.90       ~ 214 1
81 NGC 4643 LIN 12 43 20.1435647088 +01 58 41.716062264   11.9       ~ 266 0
82 NGC 4664 GiG 12 45 06.0013449504 +03 03 20.738321784   11.50 10.50     ~ 171 1
83 NGC 4691 AGN 12 48 13.60 -03 19 57.7 11.59 11.66 11.08 11.8 11.3 ~ 250 1
84 NGC 4699 EmG 12 49 02.186 -08 39 51.49   10.8   10.01 10.3 ~ 210 0
85 NGC 4750 LIN 12 50 07.3113940944 +72 52 28.653179520   11.8       ~ 139 0
86 NGC 4725 Sy2 12 50 26.5716367992 +25 30 02.733090588   13.45 12.44     ~ 695 2
87 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1386 2
88 NGC 4754 GiP 12 52 17.563 +11 18 49.18   11.6       ~ 285 0
89 NGC 4762 LIN 12 52 56.049 +11 13 50.88   11.1       ~ 360 0
90 NGC 4772 LIN 12 53 29.1636448512 +02 10 06.146331708 12.29 11.96 11.04     ~ 253 1
91 ESO 443-39 EmG 13 03 02.8586372160 -30 47 34.781224632   13.74   12.33   ~ 32 0
92 NGC 4941 Sy2 13 04 13.1036380320 -05 33 05.752803672   13.18 12.23 10.74   ~ 369 0
93 NGC 4995 Sy2 13 09 40.6390105944 -07 50 00.223871892   12   10.94   ~ 126 0
94 NGC 5338 AG? 13 53 26.5503668640 +05 12 27.975949560   14.3       ~ 112 0
95 NGC 5353 GiP 13 53 26.6998 +40 16 58.872   11.8   10.57   ~ 288 1
96 NGC 5377 AGN 13 56 16.6722507720 +47 14 08.568249072   12.39 11.46 10.87 10.25 ~ 230 1
97 NGC 5448 LIN 14 02 50.072 +49 10 21.53   12.7       ~ 162 0
98 NGC 5641 LIN 14 29 16.6225596192 +28 49 18.683922684   13.6       ~ 65 0
99 NGC 5701 GiG 14 39 11.0751915840 +05 21 48.493104264 12.03 11.76 10.88     ~ 240 1
100 NGC 5740 GiP 14 44 24.4374499392 +01 40 47.224019676   12.5   12.5 12.0 ~ 170 0
101 NGC 5750 Sy2 14 46 11.1282138720 -00 13 22.522793124   16.23 15.58     ~ 121 0
102 IC 1067 GiP 14 53 05.2360267944 +03 19 54.337726776   13.6       ~ 92 0
103 NGC 5832 AG? 14 57 45.90 +71 40 53.5 13.43 12.80 12.26 11.96   ~ 116 1
104 NGC 5806 AGN 15 00 00.4088018736 +01 53 28.779594792   12.40 11.70 10.94 11.6 ~ 282 1
105 NGC 5957 Sy2 15 35 23.2175160360 +12 02 51.281778048   13.3       ~ 133 0
106 NGC 6012 AG? 15 54 13.9048137432 +14 36 04.278408300   13.209 12.420 11.870 11.195 ~ 130 0
107 NGC 6384 AG? 17 32 24.2848390896 +07 03 37.531624968   13.2       ~ 304 0
108 NGC 6654 AG? 18 24 07.6171148928 +73 10 59.672609364   12.70       ~ 83 0
109 UGC 11355 GiG 18 47 56.9922791952 +22 56 33.103348620   15.4       ~ 24 0
110 NGC 7020 GiG 21 11 20.0452941264 -64 01 31.011326832   12.81 11.48 11.27   ~ 76 0
111 NGC 7177 LIN 22 00 41.250 +17 44 17.22   12.2       ~ 199 1
112 UGC 11920 GiG 22 08 27.4047250488 +48 26 26.563724448   13.0       ~ 36 0
113 NGC 7280 GiP 22 26 27.5758899936 +16 08 53.421593496   13.6       ~ 159 0
114 NGC 7332 GiP 22 37 24.5373044952 +23 47 53.830708800   12.0       ~ 373 0
115 IC 5240 AG? 22 41 52.4120629800 -44 46 01.796119356   12.25 11.31 11.06 12.1 ~ 98 0
116 NGC 7582 Sy2 23 18 23.60 -42 22 13.3 11.62 10.92 10.62     ~ 906 2
117 NGC 7743 Sy2 23 44 21.1607807112 +09 56 02.970989664   14.19 13.28     ~ 313 0

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