2013MNRAS.429.2069D

Query : 2013MNRAS.429.2069D

2013MNRAS.429.2069D - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 429, 2069-2079 (2013/March-1)

A stacked analysis of brightest cluster galaxies observed with the Fermi large area telescope.

DUTSON K.L., WHITE R.J., EDGE A.C., HINTON J.A. and HOGAN M.T.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the results of a search for high-energy γ-ray emission from a large sample of galaxy clusters sharing the properties of three existing Fermi Large Area Telescope detections (in Perseus, Virgo and A3392), namely a powerful radio source within their brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). From a parent, X-ray flux-limited sample of 863 clusters, we select 114 systems with a core-dominated BCG radio flux above 50/75 mJy (in the National Radio Astronomy Observatory Very Large Array Sky Survey and the Sydney University Molonglo Sky Survey, respectively), stacking data from the first 45 months of the Fermi mission in three energy bands, to determine statistical limits on the γ-ray fluxes of the ensemble of candidate sources.

For a >300 MeV selection, the distribution of detection significance across the sample is consistent with that across control samples for significances <3σ, but has a tail extending to higher values, including three >4σ signals which are not associated with previously identified γ-ray emission. Modelling of the data in these fields results in the detection of four non-2FGL Fermi sources, though none of these appear to be unambiguously associated with the BCG candidate. Only one is sufficiently close to be a plausible counterpart (RXC J0132.6-0804) and the remaining three appear to be background active galactic nuclei. A search at energies >3 GeV hints at emission from the BCG in A2055, which hosts a BL Lac object.

There is no evidence for a signal in the stacked data, and the upper limit derived on the γ-ray flux of an average radio-bright BCG in each band is at least an order of magnitude more constraining than that calculated for individual objects. F1GeV/F1.4GHz for an average BCG in the sample is <15, compared with ~120 for NGC 1275 in Perseus, which might indicate a special case for those objects detected at high energies. The tentative suggestion that point-like beamed emission from member galaxies comprise the dominant bright γ-ray sources in clusters implies searches for evidence of dark matter annihilation or large-scale merger shock signatures, for example, need to account for a significant level of contamination from within each cluster that is both highly stochastic and varies significantly over time.


Abstract Copyright: © 2012 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (2012)

Journal keyword(s): radiation mechanisms: non-thermal - galaxies: active - galaxies: clusters: general - gamma-rays: galaxies: clusters - radio continuum: general

Simbad objects: 136

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Number of rows : 136
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NAME UGC 12890 Group GrG 00 00 10.6 +08 16 37           ~ 15 0
2 ACO 85 ClG 00 41 36.21 -09 19 30.4           ~ 909 0
3 ZwCl 0040+2404 ClG 00 43 52.0 +24 24 21     17.2     ~ 37 0
4 NGC 383 rG 01 07 24.9647814840 +32 24 45.132586200   13.6 12.14     ~ 777 3
5 FBQS J0127-0821 BLL 01 27 16.3110986760 -08 21 28.895695128   20.15 19.40 18.50   ~ 32 0
6 2MAXI J0134-082 ClG 01 32 41.1 -08 04 06           ~ 18 0
7 BAX 024.3000-09.1833 ClG 01 37 13.37 -09 11 13.6           ~ 33 0
8 ACO 262 ClG 01 52 50.4 +36 08 46           ~ 698 1
9 ACO 2984 ClG 02 11 25.1 -40 17 29           ~ 51 0
10 ACO 3017 ClG 02 25 53.4 -41 54 58           ~ 53 0
11 ClG J0242-2132 ClG 02 42 35.9 -21 32 26           ~ 50 0
12 ZwCl 0258+0142 ClG 03 01 38.5 +01 55 16     18.0     ~ 31 0
13 ACO 407 ClG 03 01 43.7 +35 49 48           ~ 110 0
14 ACO 3112 ClG 03 17 52.4 -44 14 35           ~ 311 1
15 ACO 426 ClG 03 19 47.2 +41 30 47           ~ 2257 1
16 3C 84 Sy2 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4006 3
17 ACT-CL J0331.1-2100 ClG 03 31 06.0 -21 00 34           ~ 29 0
18 NGC 1399 BiC 03 38 29.083 -35 27 02.67 11.05 9.74 9.59 8.12   ~ 1569 1
19 ACO 3165 ClG 03 46 50 -29 01.8           ~ 12 0
20 RXC J0359.1-0320 ClG 03 59 09.2 -03 20 28           ~ 5 0
21 ClG 0422-09 ClG 04 25 51.02 -08 33 38.5           ~ 91 0
22 ClG J0429-0253 ClG 04 29 36.0 -02 53 09           ~ 123 0
23 ACO 496 ClG 04 33 38.8 -13 15 59           ~ 694 2
24 ACO 499 ClG 04 37 11.699 -20 26 38.12           ~ 14 1
25 BAX 069.7593+05.3453 ClG 04 39 02.2 +05 20 43           ~ 78 0
26 NGC 1650 GiC 04 45 11.5094503608 -15 52 12.075799512   14   12.38   ~ 34 0
27 ACT-CL J0501.4+0110 ClG 05 01 22.1803 +01 09 19.378           ~ 7 0
28 ACT-CL J0520.7-1328 ClG 05 20 42.0 -13 28 49           ~ 34 0
29 QSO B0537-441 BLL 05 38 50.36155950 -44 05 08.9390233   15.77 16.48 16   ~ 883 2
30 ACO 3360 ClG 05 40 18.8 -43 23 31           ~ 28 0
31 ACO S 547 ClG 05 48 09 -47 25.1           ~ 6 0
32 ACO S 555 ClG 05 57 12 -37 28.7           ~ 15 0
33 ACO 3378 ClG 06 05 53.7 -35 18 06           ~ 81 1
34 ACO 3380 ClG 06 06 57 -49 29.5           ~ 20 2
35 ACO 3392 ClG 06 27 05.6 -35 29 30           ~ 36 2
36 QSO B0625-354 BLL 06 27 06.7286533392 -35 29 15.363665088   14.93       ~ 188 1
37 ACO 3396 ClG 06 28 46.9063 -41 42 42.833           ~ 26 1
38 2MASX J07473129-1917403 BiC 07 47 31.3247085936 -19 17 40.013334276   19.60       ~ 409 1
39 ACO 646 ClG 08 22 10.0 +47 05 58           ~ 99 1
40 ICRF J083454.9+553421 Sy2 08 34 54.90398776 +55 34 21.0703409   20.75 19.45 17.180   ~ 282 2
41 ACO 780 ClG 09 18 30 -12 15.7           ~ 453 0
42 ACO 795 ClG 09 24 11.26 +14 09 03.5           ~ 103 0
43 ACO S 617 ClG 09 38 01.5 -20 20 36           ~ 13 0
44 ACO 907 ClG 09 58 21.84 -11 03 47.5           ~ 129 0
45 ACO 923 ClG 10 06 38.82 +25 54 44.8           ~ 32 0
46 ZwCl 1023+1257 ClG 10 25 55.9 +12 41 07           ~ 48 0
47 NVSS J111421+582327 Rad 11 14 21.65 +58 23 19.3           ~ 32 1
48 ZwCl 1111+5843 ClG 11 14 21.786 +58 23 46.45           ~ 31 0
49 ClG J1133+5008 ClG 11 33 10.250 +50 09 09.25           ~ 36 0
50 ACO 1348 ClG 11 41 24.0 -12 16 00           ~ 66 0
51 ACO 1361 ClG 11 43 45.85 +46 20 51.8           ~ 92 0
52 6C 114151+674026 BiC 11 44 36.8037551784 +67 24 21.146407488   20.0       ~ 19 1
53 ACO 1366 ClG 11 44 44.72 +67 24 51.9           ~ 55 0
54 ACO 3490 ClG 11 45 19.6 -34 25 59           ~ 47 1
55 ACO 1412 ClG 11 56 04.3 +73 25 05           ~ 64 0
56 MCS J1206.2-0847 ClG 12 06 12.2 -08 48 02           ~ 246 0
57 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 26 32.1 +12 43 24           ~ 6637 0
58 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7189 3
59 NGC 4696 BiC 12 48 49.2724775784 -41 18 39.304053252   11.21   10.7   ~ 490 3
60 ACO 1644 ClG 12 57 11.6 -17 24 34           ~ 366 1
61 ACO 1677 ClG 13 05 52.6 +30 54 06           ~ 62 0
62 NGC 5098 BiC 13 20 14.7283808160 +33 08 36.294146268   15.0       ~ 107 2
63 ACO 3565 ClG 13 36 39 -33 58.3           ~ 112 1
64 ClG J1347-1145 ClG 13 47 30.5 -11 45 07           ~ 548 0
65 ACO 1795 ClG 13 48 50.48 +26 35 07.4           ~ 1266 0
66 QSO B1346-112 QSO 13 49 31.4432339664 -11 32 53.829393360     18.0 16.94   ~ 68 2
67 Fermi J1350-1140 gam 13 50.0 -11 41           ~ 4 0
68 ICRF J135022.1+094010 Sy2 13 50 22.13599590 +09 40 10.6549717   16.0 15.0 12.40   ~ 52 0
69 ACO S 753 ClG 14 03 35.9 -33 59 16           ~ 85 1
70 ACO 3581 ClG 14 07 29.8 -27 01 04           ~ 184 3
71 ClG J1411+5211 ClG 14 11 24.4 +52 12 38     20.11     ~ 118 3
72 ACO 1885 ClG 14 13 43.73 +43 39 45.0           ~ 71 0
73 ACO S 780 ClG 14 59 29.1 -18 10 45           ~ 82 0
74 ClG J1504-0248 ClG 15 04 07.4 -02 48 15           ~ 175 0
75 ACO 2052 ClG 15 16 41.64 +07 01 45.5           ~ 730 1
76 LEDA 97478 Bla 15 18 45.7276771080 +06 13 56.112249504   16.65   15.37   ~ 56 2
77 ACO 2055 ClG 15 18 46.29 +06 13 42.9           ~ 107 0
78 MCXC J1524.2-3154 ClG 15 24 12.9 -31 54 25           ~ 32 0
79 MCXC J1558.3-1410 ClG 15 58 22.0 -14 09 59           ~ 37 0
80 ACO 2199 ClG 16 28 43.31 +39 34 07.6           ~ 1171 1
81 ACO 2204 ClG 16 32 45.7 +05 34 43           ~ 436 0
82 BAX 252.7839+04.9926 ClG 16 51 08.2 +04 59 34           ~ 46 0
83 NGC 6269 GiG 16 57 58.1011343880 +27 51 15.883449192   14.4 13.73     ~ 104 0
84 ACT-CL J1715.1+0309 ClG 17 15 11.741 +03 09 53.73           ~ 16 0
85 PMN J1715+0309 Rad 17 15 12.14 +03 09 42.5           ~ 17 1
86 NGC 6338 Bla 17 15 22.9752 +57 24 40.312   14.2   8   ~ 184 2
87 ZwCl 1715+4229 ClG 17 17 19.20 +42 26 59.0           ~ 53 0
88 ClG J1720+2638 ClG 17 20 09.6 +26 37 35           ~ 255 0
89 ICRF J172723.4+551053 Sy2 17 27 23.46931638 +55 10 53.5354709   20.84 19.77 17.15   ~ 60 3
90 ZwCl 1742+3306 ClG 17 44 16.2753 +32 59 55.115           ~ 80 0
91 ClG J1750+3504 ClG 17 50 15.9 +35 04 58           ~ 33 0
92 7C 174829.39+350555.00 G 17 50 16.8682358184 +35 04 58.558211040           ~ 36 2
93 7C 1821+6419 Sy1 18 21 57.2130271440 +64 20 36.221312076   14.23 14.24     ~ 601 1
94 MCXC J1832.5+6848 ClG 18 32 34.6 +68 48 12           ~ 17 0
95 7C 1832+6845 BLL 18 32 35.52305934 +68 48 07.1461059           ~ 20 1
96 RXC J1840.6-7709 ClG 18 40 37.2 -77 09 20           ~ 10 0
97 BAX 283.0392+57.1972 ClG 18 52 08.35 +57 11 42.7           ~ 20 0
98 ACO 2312 ClG 18 53 48.20 +68 23 06.0           ~ 59 0
99 ACO 3638 ClG 19 25 31 -42 57.0           ~ 19 1
100 ACO 3639 ClG 19 28 02 -50 56.9           ~ 14 0
101 RXC J1931.6-3354 ClG 19 31 38.5 -33 54 43           ~ 8 0
102 ClG J1931-2635 ClG 19 31 49.6 -26 34 33           ~ 161 0
103 RXC J1958.2-3011 ClG 19 58 14.9 -30 11 13           ~ 12 0
104 2MASX J19581491-3011113 BLL 19 58 14.9123511384 -30 11 11.646174444   17.88   16.16   ~ 50 0
105 NAME Cyg A Cluster ClG 19 59 30.3 +40 44 11           ~ 136 0
106 ACO S 851 ClG 20 09 55 -48 23.1           ~ 16 1
107 ACT-CL J2014.8-2430 ClG 20 14 49.7 -24 30 30           ~ 83 0
108 2MASS J20172995-4115158 BLL 20 17 29.9574577104 -41 15 15.841422180           ~ 8 1
109 IC 4991 EmG 20 18 23.2936906896 -41 03 00.574311960   12.33   10.80   ~ 58 0
110 ACO S 868 ClG 20 22 59.5 -20 56 40           ~ 32 1
111 MCXC J2034.9-2143 ClG 20 34 55.8 -21 43 02           ~ 7 0
112 ACO 3701 ClG 20 40 00.9 -71 16 24           ~ 11 1
113 2MASX J20400827-7114596 BLL 20 40 08.2699211832 -71 14 59.962126056   17.53 17.5 16.03   ~ 49 1
114 MCS J2043.2-2144 ClG 20 43 12.6 -21 44 06           ~ 9 0
115 ACO 2331 ClG 20 58 10 -07 45.4           ~ 23 0
116 RXC J2101.5-1317 ClG 21 01 35.4 -13 17 54           ~ 6 0
117 ACT-CL J2102.1-2431 ClG 21 02 10.1 -24 31 57           ~ 38 0
118 RXC J2151.3-5521 ClG 21 51 22.7 -55 21 12           ~ 6 0
119 ACO 2384 ClG 21 52 20.9 -19 32 53           ~ 109 0
120 ACO 2390 ClG 21 53 37.4 +17 41 46           ~ 688 2
121 ACO 2389 ClG 21 54 13.1 -03 59 53           ~ 14 0
122 ACO 2415 ClG 22 05 25.0 -05 35 23           ~ 115 1
123 BAX 333.2708-27.8989 ClG 22 13 05.0 -27 53 56           ~ 11 0
124 ACO 3856 ClG 22 18 45.2 -38 53 57           ~ 79 2
125 ACO 2445 ClG 22 26 55.8 +25 50 09           ~ 27 0
126 ACO 3880 ClG 22 27 49.5 -30 34 40           ~ 95 2
127 ACO 3911 ClG 22 46 22.6 -52 44 21           ~ 64 0
128 ACO S 1101 ClG 23 13 58.5 -42 43 39           ~ 258 1
129 MCG-07-47-031 BLL 23 19 05.8954756632 -42 06 48.297034584   16.60 15.46     ~ 111 1
130 ACO S 1111 ClG 23 19 07.9 -42 06 32           ~ 28 1
131 ACO 2597 ClG 23 25 19.70 -12 07 27.7           ~ 539 0
132 ACO 2627 ClG 23 36 42.4 +23 54 44           ~ 45 0
133 SDSS J233743.88+234245.6 BLL 23 37 43.8847106160 +23 42 45.599497488           ~ 6 1
134 ACO 2634 ClG 23 38 18.4 +27 01 37           ~ 503 2
135 ACO 4023 ClG 23 39 47.1332 -85 13 04.756           ~ 20 0
136 ACO 2665 ClG 23 50 50.6 +06 09 00           ~ 99 0

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