SIMBAD references

Giant planets are usually thought to form within a few tens of AU of their host stars, and hence it came as a surprise when we found what appeared to be a planetary mass (∼0.008 M_☉) companion around the 5 Myr old solar mass star 1RXS J160929.1-210524 in the Upper Scorpius association. At the time, we took the object's membership in Upper Scorpius–established from near-infrared, H- and K-band spectroscopy–and its proximity (2{farcs}2 or 330 AU) to the primary as strong evidence for companionship, but could not verify their common proper motion. Here, we present follow-up astrometric measurements that confirm that the companion is indeed comoving with the primary star, which we interpret as evidence that it is a truly bound planetary mass companion. We also present new J-band spectroscopy and 3.0-3.8 µm photometry of the companion. Based on a comparison with model spectra, these new measurements are consistent with the previous estimate of the companion effective temperature of 1800±200 K. We present a new estimate of the companion mass based on evolution models and the calculated bolometric luminosity of the companion; we obtain a value of 0.008^+0.003_–0.002M_☉, again consistent with our previous result. Finally, we present angular differential imaging observations of the system allowing us to rule out additional planets in the system more massive than 1 M_Jup, 2 M_Jup, and 8 M_Jup at projected separations larger than 3'' (∼440 AU), 0{farcs}7 (∼100 AU), and 0{farcs}35 (∼50 AU), respectively. This companion is the least massive known to date at such a large orbital distance; it shows that objects in the planetary mass range exist at orbital separations of several hundred AU, posing a serious challenge for current formation models.