2009ApJ...706..516P

Query : 2009ApJ...706..516P

2009ApJ...706..516P - Astrophys. J., 706, 516-524 (2009/November-3)

The fundamental gas depletion and stellar-mass buildup times of star-forming galaxies.

PFLAMM-ALTENBURG J. and KROUPA P.

Abstract (from CDS):

Stars do not form continuously distributed over star-forming galaxies. They form in star clusters of different masses. This nature of clustered star formation is taken into account in the theory of the integrated galactic stellar initial mass function (IGIMF) in which the galaxy-wide initial mass function (IMF) on galaxy-wide scales is calculated by adding all IMFs of young star clusters. For massive stars, the IGIMF is steeper than the universal IMF in star clusters and steepens with decreasing star formation rate (SFR) which is called the IGIMF effect. The current SFR and the total Hα luminosity of galaxies therefore scale nonlinearly in the IGIMF theory compared to the classical case in which the galaxy-wide IMF is assumed to be constant and identical to the IMF in star clusters. Here we apply for the first time the revised SFR-L_Hα relation on a sample of local volume star-forming galaxies with measured Hα luminosities. The fundamental results are: (1) the SFRs of galaxies scale linearly with the total galaxy neutral gas mass, (2) the gas depletion timescales of dwarf irregular and large disk galaxies are about 3 Gyr, implying that dwarf galaxies do not have lower star formation efficiencies than large disk galaxies, and (3) the stellar-mass buildup times of dwarf and large galaxies are only in agreement with downsizing in the IGIMF context, but contradict downsizing within the traditional framework that assumes a constant galaxy-wide IMF.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): cosmology: observations - galaxies: evolution - galaxies: fundamental parameters - stars: formation

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/706/516): table1.dat>

Simbad objects: 200

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Number of rows : 200

N	Identifier	Otype	ICRS (J2000) RA	ICRS (J2000) DEC	Mag U	Mag B	Mag V	Mag R	Mag I	Sp type	#ref 1850 - 2023	#notes
1	UGC 12894	G	00 00 22.55	+39 29 43.5		17				~	35	0
2	[CFC97] Sc 18	G	00 00 55.9	-41 08 58						~	10	0
3	NAME WLM Galaxy	G	00 01 57.9	-15 27 50		11.50	11.10	10.93		~	652	2
4	NGC 55	GiG	00 14 53.602	-39 11 47.86	8.54	8.58	7.87	7.84		~	756	2
5	NGC 59	GiG	00 15 25.126	-21 26 39.68	14.01	13.21	12.59	12.31		~	93	0
6	UGC 191	G	00 20 05.16	+10 52 45.5		15.6				~	78	1
7	IC 10	G	00 20 23.16	+59 17 34.7		13.6	9.5			~	1090	0
8	NGC 100	LSB	00 24 02.837	+16 29 11.00		14.6				~	122	0
9	UGC 290	G	00 29 08.37	+15 53 56.8		18				~	48	0
10	ESO 473-24	G	00 31 23.1	-22 46 02		16.11		15.87	17.7	~	55	1
11	APMUKS (BJ) B003411.16-325055.7	G	00 36 38.0	-32 34 28						~	14	0
12	M 31	G	00 42 44.330	+41 16 07.50	4.86	4.36	3.44			~	12251	1
13	IC 1574	G	00 43 03.82	-22 14 48.8	15.25	14.73	14.35	14.24	14.2	~	122	1
14	ESO 540-31	G	00 49 49.3	-21 00 58	16.11	15.64	15.36	14.8	15.5	~	128	1
15	NAME SMC	G	00 52 38.0	-72 48 01		2.79	2.2			~	10692	1
16	NAME Scl Group	GrG	01 00 06	-33 44.2						~	500	0
17	UGC 634	LSB	01 01 25.171	+07 37 33.57		15.7				~	76	0
18	IC 1613	GiC	01 04 54.2	+02 08 00		10.42	10.01	9.77		~	1199	2
19	UGC 685	G	01 07 22.55	+16 41 03.1	15.01	14.55	14.07			~	130	0
20	UGC 891	G	01 21 19.09	+12 24 42.2	15.36	14.82	14.36	12.87		~	101	0
21	UGC 1104	G	01 32 42.5190557016	+18 19 01.514434548	15.03	14.56	14.13	13.89		~	88	0
22	M 33	GiG	01 33 50.8965749232	+30 39 36.630403128	6.17	6.27	5.72			~	5667	1
23	NGC 625	AGN	01 35 04.632	-41 26 10.32	12.37	11.78	11.25	11.03	11.5	~	274	2
24	[CFC97] Sc 42	G	01 39 14.5	-47 17 58						~	5	0
25	UGC 1175	LSB	01 39 56.45832	+11 05 49.8336		17				~	28	0
26	ESO 245-5	G	01 45 03.7	-43 35 52	13.45	12.92	12.63	12.51	12.8	~	134	1
27	UGC 1281	LSB	01 49 31.71	+32 35 16.2		13.0				~	159	0
28	NGC 784	LSB	02 01 16.932	+28 50 14.13	12.97	12.50	12.07	11.83		~	185	0
29	UGC 1924	GiG	02 27 49.83	+31 43 32.9		15.4		14.2		~	37	0
30	UGC 2023	GiG	02 33 18.12	+33 29 25.5		14.9		13.59		~	85	0
31	UGC 2345	G	02 51 52.690	-01 10 22.14		14.0		13.8	14.9	~	67	0
32	ESO 481-14	GiG	03 13 40.7	-25 11 25		13.82		12.88	13.6	~	55	0
33	UGC 2603	G	03 19 15.3	+81 20 47		17				~	18	0
34	UGCA 92	G	04 32 04.9	+63 36 49		16.15				~	120	0
35	NAME LMC	G	05 23 34.6	-69 45 22			0.4			~	16766	1
36	UGC 3371	G	05 56 35.98	+75 19 01.9		17				~	86	0
37	LEDA 95594	G	05 59 40.4	+73 25 40		17.1				~	42	0
38	LEDA 95597	LSB	06 47 45.6	+80 07 27		16.4				~	66	0
39	UGC 3647	G	07 04 50.94	+56 31 13.8		16.0				~	35	0
40	UGC 3672	G	07 06 27.336	+30 19 23.61		17				~	37	0
41	NGC 2366	H2G	07 28 51.85	+69 12 31.1	12.25	11.86	11.39	11.33		~	745	0
42	UGCA 133	G	07 34 11.5	+66 52 47	16.40	15.48	14.80	14.76		~	78	0
43	NGC 2403	AGN	07 36 51.3381434280	+65 36 09.650825640	9.31	8.84	8.38	8.19		~	1738	1
44	UGC 4117	G	07 57 25.948	+35 56 22.05		15.5				~	29	0
45	UGC 4121	G	07 58 54.38	+58 02 32.3		16.0				~	46	0
46	UGC 4305	IG	08 19 04.9864630512	+70 43 13.086910452	12.06	11.72	11.39	11.11		~	748	2
47	NGC 2552	G	08 19 20.5355420472	+50 00 34.590204468	13.44	13.00	12.56			~	253	1
48	NAME M 81 Dwarf A	G	08 23 55.1	+71 01 56		16.5				~	197	1
49	UGC 4459	GiG	08 34 07.29	+66 10 54.6	15.39	15.03	14.70	14.49		~	326	2
50	UGC 4483	GiG	08 37 03.29	+69 46 29.2	15.70	15.46	14.98	14.89		~	289	0
51	UGC 5139	LSB	09 40 32.33	+71 10 56.0	14.53	14.00	13.66	13.41		~	348	1
52	MCG+00-25-010	Sy1	09 44 01.8742171440	-00 38 31.993352700		15.5				~	62	0
53	UGC 5205	GiP	09 44 07.203	-00 39 30.11		14.9		14.68	15.3	~	34	0
54	NAME F8D1	G	09 44 47.1	+67 26 19		14.60	13.85			~	64	0
55	NAME F6D1	GiG	09 45 10.0	+68 45 54		17.5				~	44	0
56	NGC 2976	GiP	09 47 15.458	+67 54 58.97	11.77	11.03	10.16	9.51		~	648	1
57	NAME F12D1	G	09 50 10.0	+67 30 24		15.6				~	49	1
58	UGC 5288	PaG	09 51 17.241	+07 49 32.05	15.07	14.65	14.18	13.99		~	82	0
59	LEDA 28529	G	09 53 48.8	+68 58 09		18.89				~	88	1
60	NAME M 81-82 Group	GrG	09 55	+69.1						~	695	0
61	M 81	Sy2	09 55 33.1726556496	+69 03 55.062505368		7.89	6.94			~	4317	3
62	M 82	IG	09 55 52.430	+69 40 46.93	9.61	9.30	8.41			~	5723	6
63	LEDA 28731	G	09 57 03.0	+68 35 31		15.17				~	108	1
64	NAME Arp Loop	G	09 57 29.0	+69 16 20						~	62	1
65	UGC 5336	G	09 57 32.1	+69 02 46	15.19	15.15	14.10	14.12		~	306	4
66	NAME Leo A	G	09 59 26.46	+30 44 47.0	14.08	13.54	13.26	13.33		~	591	0
67	NAME Sextans B	H2G	10 00 00.8217342072	+05 20 09.533389560	12.77	12.25	11.89	11.71		~	516	0
68	LEDA 2807133	GiG	10 00 16.0	+63 11 05						~	37	1
69	NGC 3109	G	10 03 06.877	-26 09 34.46	11.10	10.42	10.04	9.91		~	748	2
70	NGC 3077	GiP	10 03 19.0965510921	+68 44 01.556166166	11.23	10.85	10.14	9.74		~	747	0
71	NAME Garland	G	10 03 43.1	+68 41 32						~	60	2
72	NGC 3104	IG	10 03 57.185	+40 45 41.43		14.2				~	125	0
73	LEDA 29231	G	10 04 40.3	+68 15 20		17.43	16.72			~	70	0
74	UGC 5427	G	10 04 40.949	+29 21 51.54		15.2				~	62	0
75	UGC 5428	G	10 05 06.2	+66 33 31	17.89	16.82	16.09	15.73		~	99	1
76	NAME M81 dwB	LSB	10 05 30.45024	+70 21 51.4253	15.95	15.56	15.09	14.87		~	194	1
77	UGC 5442	G	10 07 01.70	+67 49 38.4	17.09	15.73	15.07	14.81		~	81	1
78	NAME IKN	G	10 08 05.9	+68 23 57						~	69	0
79	NAME Sex A	H2G	10 11 00.5	-04 41 30	12.48	12.13	11.93	11.78		~	714	2
80	UGC 5571	G	10 19 42.159	+52 03 57.83		17				~	34	0
81	HIJASS J1021+68	G	10 21 00.2	+68 42 00						~	21	0
82	LEDA 4689216	GiG	10 21 25.2	+71 06 58						~	52	0
83	LEDA 30664	G	10 26 28.0	+67 39 35		15.8				~	75	1
84	UGC 5672	LSB	10 28 21.105	+22 34 10.93	15.29	14.62	13.98	13.74		~	50	0
85	IC 2574	G	10 28 23.6148831408	+68 24 43.440012756	11.70	11.07	10.87	10.74		~	644	1
86	UGC 5692	GiG	10 30 36.58	+70 37 06.0	14.81	13.69	13.01	12.73		~	122	0
87	NGC 3274	EmG	10 32 17.2253817864	+27 40 07.165226244		13.30		12.77		~	225	0
88	LEDA 31286	G	10 34 31.9	+66 00 42		16.7				~	48	1
89	NGC 3344	EmG	10 43 31.150	+24 55 19.99	10.38	10.54	9.86	9.71		~	380	1
90	UGC 5918	GiG	10 49 36.412	+65 32 01.07	15.55	15.27	14.79	14.55		~	149	0
91	LEDA 32667	LSB	10 52 55.1	+69 32 46		17.2				~	81	1
92	UGC 6456	bCG	11 28 00.43	+78 59 38.4		14.50				~	327	1
93	Mrk 178	bCG	11 33 29.12	+49 14 17.4	14.69	14.61	14.25	14.17		~	224	1
94	NGC 3738	AGN	11 35 48.982	+54 31 24.70		12.12	12.04	11.56		~	272	0
95	NGC 3741	G	11 36 05.754	+45 17 02.96	15.01	14.55	14.23	14.06		~	208	0
96	LEDA 166115	G	11 47 11.965	+43 40 18.79		17.5				~	39	1
97	UGC 6817	G	11 50 52.984	+38 52 50.92		13.72	13.9	13.39		~	160	0
98	LEDA 2832100	GiC	11 58 44.097	+27 35 06.03						~	21	0
99	NGC 4068	G	12 04 03.265	+52 35 26.05		13.29		12.77		~	170	0
100	MCG+06-27-017	LSB	12 09 56.466	+36 26 03.34		15.5				~	38	0
101	NGC 4144	GiG	12 09 58.601	+46 27 25.85		12.17		11.50		~	230	0
102	NGC 4163	LSB	12 12 09.1135538928	+36 10 02.750195388	14.33	13.70	13.2	12.98		~	208	0
103	NGC 4190	LSB	12 13 44.1717362856	+36 37 53.374557468	13.88	13.40	13.25	12.86		~	202	0
104	UGC 7242	G	12 14 08.89	+66 05 39.3		14.60				~	74	1
105	UGCA 276	G	12 14 57.9	+36 13 07	17.66	16.85	16.22	15.92		~	96	1
106	NGC 4228	SBG	12 15 39.174	+36 19 36.80	10.63	10.30	9.93	9.74		~	934	1
107	MCG+09-20-131	G	12 15 46.626	+52 23 13.91		15.3				~	65	0
108	UGC 7298	LSB	12 16 30.415	+52 13 45.40		17				~	73	1
109	NGC 4236	GiG	12 16 42.118	+69 27 45.25	10.97	10.58	10.08	9.90		~	388	1
110	NGC 4244	GiG	12 17 29.659	+37 48 25.60		10.71		9.99		~	546	1
111	M 106	Sy2	12 18 57.620	+47 18 13.39		9.14	8.41	8.11		~	2292	3
112	UGC 7356	LSB	12 19 09.0802283352	+47 05 23.244084960		17				~	55	0
113	IC 3308	LSB	12 25 18.03576	+26 42 51.6168		15.4				~	42	0
114	LEDA 166137	GiC	12 25 28.5	+28 28 56		16.5				~	38	1
115	NGC 4395	Sy2	12 25 48.8633109888	+33 32 48.700168152	10.84	10.54	10.11	9.98		~	1127	1
116	Mrk 209	bCG	12 26 16.02	+48 29 36.6		15.3				~	330	0
117	UGC 7559	GiP	12 27 05.566	+37 08 30.39		14.19		13.55		~	196	0
118	UGC 7577	GiG	12 27 41.8796163840	+43 29 58.136511408	13.75	13.10	12.7	12.33		~	248	0
119	UGC 7584	BiC	12 28 02.7700008408	+22 35 16.311729408		16.0				~	43	0
120	LEDA 87148	LSB	12 28 04.807	+22 17 24.64		16.19				~	27	0
121	NGC 4449	EmG	12 28 11.118	+44 05 36.81	10.11	9.98	9.64	9.45		~	1095	1
122	UGC 7599	GiP	12 28 28.084	+37 14 05.36		15.6				~	94	0
123	UGC 7605	GiG	12 28 38.743	+35 43 02.91	15.50	15.12	14.86	14.78		~	117	1
124	NGC 4460	H2G	12 28 45.557	+44 51 51.25		12.5				~	132	0
125	MCG+07-26-011	G	12 28 52.298	+42 10 40.09		15				~	34	0
126	SDSS J122953.35+473150.2	GiG	12 29 53.35	+47 31 52.1		14.32		13.44		~	75	0
127	MCG+07-26-012	G	12 30 23.574	+42 54 05.76		15				~	32	0
128	NAME CVn I Group	GrG	12 32 48.3	+33 57 07						~	139	0
129	UGC 7698	GiC	12 32 54.5	+31 32 30		13.50		13.03		~	158	0
130	UGCA 290	IG	12 37 21.7	+38 44 28		17				~	68	1
131	NAME CVn I dwA	GiC	12 38 40.1	+32 45 59	16.91	16.66	16.73	16.62		~	221	0
132	NGC 4605	GiG	12 39 59.2837284936	+61 36 32.822365392		10.94		10.35		~	312	2
133	NGC 4627	GiG	12 41 59.9679553813	+32 34 24.810713707	13.16	13.06	12.43			~	142	1
134	NGC 4631	GiP	12 42 08.009	+32 32 29.44		9.78	9.19	9.10		~	1070	2
135	IC 3687	GiG	12 42 15.1540831512	+38 30 05.844632940		15.5				~	137	0
136	LEDA 166142	G	12 43 57.791	+43 39 40.36		17				~	28	0
137	UGC 7949	GiC	12 47 00.610	+36 28 37.09		17				~	77	0
138	LEDA 166146	G	12 49 13.3	+35 36 43						~	23	1
139	UGC 7990	GiC	12 50 25.973	+28 21 08.82		17				~	28	0
140	M 94	SyG	12 50 53.0737971432	+41 07 12.900884628	9.15	8.96	8.24	7.78		~	1343	2
141	UGC 8024	GiC	12 54 05.248	+27 08 58.67	14.37	14.23	13.95	13.84		~	575	1
142	M 64	SyG	12 56 43.696	+21 40 57.57		9.36	8.52			~	903	2
143	UGC 8091	H2G	12 58 40.1930636208	+14 13 00.739589628	15.24	15.16	14.98	14.81		~	453	0
144	IC 4182	BiC	13 05 48.7478324064	+37 36 12.965157684		11.86		11.40		~	329	1
145	UGC 8201	G	13 06 24.85	+67 42 25.0	14.08	13.61	13.08	12.98		~	244	1
146	UGC 8215	G	13 08 03.552	+46 49 40.02		17				~	74	0
147	NGC 5023	EmG	13 12 11.8036148808	+44 02 17.328663600		13.2				~	244	0
148	UGC 8308	G	13 13 22.839	+46 19 21.71		17				~	127	1
149	UGC 8320	G	13 14 27.997	+45 55 11.14	13.63	13.26	13.02	12.81		~	269	0
150	UGC 8331	G	13 15 29.753	+47 29 58.69		15.6				~	101	1
151	NGC 5204	LSB	13 29 36.508	+58 25 07.43		11.84		11.37		~	456	0
152	M 51	GiP	13 29 52.698	+47 11 42.93		9.26	8.36	8.40		~	4208	4
153	NGC 5195	GiP	13 29 59.590	+47 15 58.06	10.76	10.45	9.55	9.31		~	755	3
154	UGC 8508	G	13 30 44.8682655624	+54 54 38.522749824	14.72	14.25	13.90	13.75		~	184	0
155	NGC 5229	LSB	13 34 02.831	+47 54 55.68		14.6				~	131	0
156	NGC 5238	GiP	13 34 42.5146948080	+51 36 49.168365696		14.2				~	125	0
157	UGC 8638	EmG	13 39 19.348	+24 46 27.77	15.21	14.84	14.46	14.29		~	80	0
158	UGC 8647	GiC	13 39 48.513	+31 17 36.23		16.5				~	22	0
159	UGC 8651	G	13 39 53.75	+40 44 25.3	15.37	14.56	14.20	14.10		~	146	0
160	UGC 8760	G	13 50 51.3127548768	+38 01 14.958828876	15.56	14.78		14.33		~	142	0
161	UGC 8837	G	13 54 45.602	+53 54 20.06		14.2				~	197	0
162	UGC 8833	G	13 54 48.52	+35 50 14.5		16.5		15.20		~	108	1
163	UGC 8882	LSB	13 57 14.6983598016	+54 06 03.171260340		16.0				~	20	0
164	M 101	GiP	14 03 12.583	+54 20 55.50		8.46	7.86	7.76		~	2791	2
165	NGC 5474	GiP	14 05 01.608	+53 39 43.95		11.28	10.79			~	426	1
166	NGC 5477	G	14 05 33.318	+54 27 37.85	13.94	14.36	14.01			~	201	1
167	LEDA 166185	G	14 07 10.1	+35 03 37		16.9	17.2			~	85	0
168	LEDA 50911	G	14 15 08.593	+57 05 30.99		16.5				~	30	0
169	UGC 9128	G	14 15 56.70	+23 03 16.2	15.40	14.77	14.41	14.32		~	271	0
170	NGC 5585	GiG	14 19 48.204	+56 43 44.58		11.73	11.216	11.12	10.123	~	412	0
171	UGC 9211	G	14 22 32.1696941112	+45 23 01.932649116		15.7				~	74	0
172	NGC 5608	G	14 23 18.734	+41 46 36.60		13.96		13.23		~	74	0
173	UGC 9240	G	14 24 43.0755746952	+44 31 31.759938264	14.24	13.54	13.17	13.07		~	193	0
174	UGC 9405	G	14 35 24.077	+57 15 21.24		17				~	81	0
175	UGC 9500	G	14 45 21.529	+07 51 39.24		18				~	40	0
176	UGC 9992	G	15 41 48.01	+67 15 14.0	15.71	15.22	14.81	14.44		~	80	0
177	UGC 10054	G	15 43 55.701	+81 48 34.70		14.9				~	37	0
178	LEDA 2801026	LSB	16 13 47.504	+54 22 08.25			15.9			~	103	0
179	UGC 10310	IG	16 16 17.9000468088	+47 02 43.128874644		14.9				~	138	0
180	UGC 10351	G	16 21 27.960	+28 38 20.37		14.9				~	29	0
181	UGC 10445	SBG	16 33 47.1783414768	+28 59 01.521191184		13.30	13.96			~	129	1
182	UGC 10669	G	17 00 26.36	+70 17 27.4		17				~	23	0
183	UGC 10792	G	17 14 01.259	+75 12 07.60		17				~	17	0
184	UGC 10805	G	17 19 50.90	+14 24 01.1		15.30				~	36	0
185	UGC 10991	G	17 46 29.69	+67 20 17.7		17				~	18	0
186	NAME Sgr dIG	G	19 29 59.0	-17 40 41		15.5	13.6			~	297	1
187	NGC 6822	G	19 44 56.199	-14 47 51.29		18	8.1			~	1522	0
188	NAME Aquarius Dwarf	G	20 46 51.7	-12 50 54	15.75	15.18	14.83	14.46		~	429	1
189	NGC 7077	G	21 29 59.634	+02 24 51.75	14.05	14.25	13.67	13.23	12.86	~	101	0
190	UGC 11782	G	21 38 09.49	+08 57 37.8		15.3				~	38	0
191	UGC 11944	G	22 12 00.76	+17 54 09.6		16.0				~	24	0
192	UGCA 433	G	22 39 08.8	-04 45 36		15.0		15.1	14.8	~	42	0
193	UGC 12212	G	22 50 30.2654507664	+29 08 19.524600636		16.0				~	38	0
194	Mrk 324	G	23 26 32.783	+18 16 00.07		15.5				~	64	0
195	ESO 347-17	GiG	23 26 56.4	-37 20 46	14.90	14.69	14.35	14.19	14.2	~	62	0
196	NAME PegDIG	G	23 28 35.2	+14 44 35	13.85	13.16	12.52			~	460	1
197	UGC 12713	G	23 38 14.758	+30 42 33.24		15.1				~	53	0
198	ESO 471-6	G	23 43 45.549	-31 57 24.37	14.55	14.03	13.73	13.63		~	140	1
199	ESO 348-9	G	23 49 23.2	-37 46 25		14.6		14.7	14.4	~	55	0
200	NAME Local Group	GrG	~	~						~	8047	0

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