SIMBAD references

Strong optical and near-infrared (NIR) flares were discovered in the afterglow of GRB 080129. Their temporal behaviors, the sudden emergence and the quick disappearance, are rather similar to those of many X-ray flares (for instance, the giant flare of GRB 050502B). We argue that the optical/NIR flares following GRB 080129 are a low-energy analogue of the X-ray flares and the most likely interpretation is the "late internal shock model." In this model, both the very sharp decline and the very small ratio between the duration and the occurrence time of the optical/NIR flares in GRB 080129 can be naturally interpreted. The initial Lorentz factor of the flare outflow is found to be ∼30, consistent with the constraint ≤120 set by the forward shock afterglow modeling. Other possibilities, like the reverse shock emission or the radiation from the continued but weaker and weaker collision between the initial γ-ray burst outflow material, are disfavored.