SIMBAD references

We investigate the physical and chemical conditions necessary for low-mass star formation in extragalactic environments by calculating various characteristic timescales associated with star formation for a range of initial conditions. The balance of these timescales indicates whether low-mass star formation is enhanced or inhibited under certain physical conditions. In this study, we consider timescales for free-fall, cooling, freeze-out, desorption, chemistry and ambipolar diffusion, and their variations with changes in the gas density, metallicity, cosmic ray ionization rate, and far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation field strength. We find that extragalactic systems with high FUV radiation field strengths and high cosmic ray fluxes considered at a range of metallicities are likely to have enhanced low-mass star formation unless the magnetic pressure is sufficient to halt collapse. Our results indicate that this is only likely to be the case for high-redshift galaxies approaching solar metallicities. Unless this is true for all high-redshift sources, this study finds little evidence for a high-mass-biased initial mass function at high redshifts.