2008A&A...488..867N

Query : 2008A&A...488..867N

2008A&A...488..867N - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 488, 867-872 (2008/9-4)

Blazar sequence - an artefact of Doppler boosting.

NIEPPOLA E., VALTAOJA E., TORNIKOSKI M., HOVATTA T. and KOTIRANTA M.

Abstract (from CDS):

The blazar sequence is a scenario in which the bolometric luminosity of the blazar governs the appearance of its spectral energy distribution. The most prominent result is the significant negative correlation between the synchrotron peak frequencies and the synchrotron peak luminosities of the blazar population. Observational studies of the blazar sequence have, in general, neglected the effect of Doppler boosting. We study the dependence of both the synchrotron peak frequency and luminosity with Doppler-corrected quantities.We determine the spectral energy distributions of 135 radio-bright AGN and find the best-fit parabolic function for the distribution to quantify their synchrotron emission. The corresponding measurements of synchrotron peak luminosities and frequencies are Doppler-corrected with a new set of Doppler factors calculated from variability data. The relevant correlations for the blazar sequence are determined for these intrinsic quantities.The Doppler factor depends strongly on the synchrotron peak frequency, the lower energy sources being more boosted. Applying the Doppler correction to the peak frequencies and luminosities annuls the negative correlation between the two quantities, which becomes positive. For BL Lacertae objects, the positive correlation is particularly strong.The blazar sequence, when defined as the anticorrelation between the peak frequency and luminosity of the synchrotron component of the spectral energy distribution, disappears when the intrinsic, Doppler-corrected values are used. It is an observational phenomenon created by variable Doppler boosting across the synchrotron peak frequency range.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - galaxies: BL Lacertae objects: general - galaxies: quasars: general - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/488/867): table1.dat>

Simbad objects: 136

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Number of rows : 136
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 QSO B0003-066 BLL 00 06 13.89288482 -06 23 35.3353584   19.1 18.50 17.14   ~ 328 1
2 Mrk 1501 Sy1 00 10 31.00590413 +10 58 29.5042981   15.96 15.40 12.22   ~ 717 0
3 6C 001403+811827 BLL 00 17 08.47489694 +81 35 08.1365094   17.60 16.52 15.95   ~ 389 1
4 QSO B0016+73 QSO 00 19 45.78637230 +73 27 30.0176020     19.00 18.26   ~ 296 1
5 QSO B0048-09 BLL 00 50 41.3172421464 -09 29 05.210474100 16.74 16.39 16.22 16.14   ~ 459 2
6 7C 0059+5808 QSO 01 02 45.76237340 +58 24 11.1366164   20.09 19.22 18.57 17.90 ~ 231 1
7 4C 01.02 Bla 01 08 38.77110544 +01 35 00.3171844   18.54 18.39 19.05   ~ 542 1
8 QSO B0109+224 BLL 01 12 05.8247044608 +22 44 38.785880796   16.00 15.66 15.47   ~ 343 2
9 6C 013354+473615 Bla 01 36 58.59480326 +47 51 29.1000720     19.50 19.25 15.21 ~ 501 1
10 QSO B0149+218 QSO 01 52 18.05904204 +22 07 07.6997943     18 18.89   ~ 175 1
11 4C 15.05 Bla 02 04 50.41389294 +15 14 11.0436097   21.9 21.00 21.00   ~ 412 1
12 6C 021252+733537 BLL 02 17 30.81335327 +73 49 32.6217355     19.00 18.97   ~ 455 1
13 QSO J0217+0144 QSO 02 17 48.95475095 +01 44 49.6990271   16.74 16.09 18.51 13.29 ~ 424 1
14 6C 021803+354230 BLL 02 21 05.4920852208 +35 56 13.848581904   20.0 20.0 19.60   ~ 559 3
15 3C 66A BLL 02 22 39.6114771888 +43 02 07.799534304   15.71 15.21 14.5   ~ 887 1
16 4C 67.05 QSO 02 28 50.05148365 +67 21 03.0293322   19.5 19.50 18.1   ~ 249 1
17 4C 13.14 Bla 02 31 45.89405619 +13 22 54.7162847   17.96 17.71 17.93   ~ 277 1
18 4C 28.07 QSO 02 37 52.40567519 +28 48 08.9899986     19.30 16.99   ~ 613 1
19 QSO B0235+1624 BLL 02 38 38.93010450 +16 36 59.2745528   16.46 15.50 15.92   ~ 1544 2
20 6C 024820+430300 QSO 02 51 34.53674154 +43 15 15.8292024     18.0 13.72   ~ 213 1
21 4C 47.08 BLL 03 03 35.24221958 +47 16 16.2754726   17.54 16.95 16.2   ~ 272 1
22 QSO B0306+101 QSO 03 09 03.62349423 +10 29 16.3409179   18.45   19.91   ~ 193 1
23 3C 84 Sy2 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4006 3
24 ICRF J032915.3+351005 BLL 03 29 15.3548503584 +35 10 05.989666620       17.60   ~ 45 1
25 6C 033321+320838 Bla 03 36 30.10760267 +32 18 29.3422162     17.50 16.6   ~ 654 1
26 QSO B0336-0156 QSO 03 39 30.93778633 -01 46 35.8041892   18.96 18.41 17.33   ~ 557 1
27 6C 035545+504923 Bla 03 59 29.74727351 +50 57 50.1618607           ~ 445 1
28 3C 111 Sy1 04 18 21.2772425736 +38 01 35.801359968   19.75 18.05     ~ 950 1
29 QSO B0420-0127 QSO 04 23 15.80072217 -01 20 33.0656073   17.50 17.00 16.28   ~ 1207 3
30 QSO B0422+004 BLL 04 24 46.8421990080 +00 36 06.329375028 16.15 15.94 16.98     ~ 358 1
31 Mrk 1506 Sy1 04 33 11.0956735296 +05 21 15.619461552   15.72 15.05 10.08   ~ 2000 2
32 QSO B0440-003 Bla 04 42 38.66072366 -00 17 43.4209582   19.59 19.22 17.85   ~ 399 1
33 QSO B0446+113 BLL 04 49 07.67110194 +11 21 28.5963618     20.00 18.58   ~ 265 1
34 QSO B0454+0356 QSO 04 56 47.1747907776 +04 00 52.946102484   16.76 16.53 16.26   ~ 241 1
35 4C -02.19 QSO 05 01 12.80988538 -01 59 14.2564557   19.1 18.06 19.04   ~ 585 1
36 QSO B0507+179 QSO 05 10 02.36912937 +18 00 41.5815635   20.0 19.0 19.09   ~ 433 1
37 QSO J0530+13 Bla 05 30 56.41674741 +13 31 55.1494688     20.00 19.35   ~ 959 1
38 7C 055201.39+394824.00 Bla 05 55 30.80561419 +39 48 49.1649683     18.30 17.5   ~ 505 2
39 QSO B0605-0834 BLL 06 07 59.69924014 -08 34 49.9783246     17.60 17.70   ~ 460 1
40 7C 064253.00+445430.00 QSO 06 46 32.02599653 +44 51 16.5901185   19.57 18.49 18.64   ~ 348 1
41 8C 0716+714 BLL 07 21 53.4482942664 +71 20 36.363846516   15.5 15.50 14.27   ~ 1299 1
42 QSO B0723-007 BLL 07 25 50.63991258 -00 54 56.5430511   17.39 16.57 15.82   ~ 265 1
43 QSO J0738+1742 BLL 07 38 07.39375312 +17 42 18.9981506   16.76 16.22 15.78   ~ 992 1
44 QSO B0736+01 QSO 07 39 18.03389906 +01 37 04.6177501   16.90 16.47 16.19   ~ 687 1
45 ICRF J074110.7+311200 Sy1 07 41 10.70330407 +31 12 00.2291151   17.02 16.89 16.322   ~ 450 1
46 QSO B0748+126 QSO 07 50 52.04573865 +12 31 04.8282079   17.67 17.28 17.16   ~ 334 1
47 QSO B0754+10 BLL 07 57 06.64295154 +09 56 34.8522544   15.43 15.00 15.99   ~ 439 1
48 7C 080458.39+495918.00 QSO 08 08 39.66628970 +49 50 36.5304041   19.55 19.18 18.34   ~ 362 2
49 7C 081451.89+423206.00 BLL 08 18 15.99961476 +42 22 45.4148987   18.88 18.18 17.81   ~ 400 1
50 QSO B0823+033 BLL 08 25 50.33835759 +03 09 24.5199749   17.81 17.23 16.91   ~ 328 1
51 ICRF J083052.0+241059 Sy1 08 30 52.08619250 +24 10 59.8202919   17.62 17.26 16.30   ~ 529 1
52 ICRF J083148.8+042939 Sy1 08 31 48.8770033992 +04 29 39.086842884   17.10 16.4 14.55   ~ 470 2
53 4C 71.07 Bla 08 41 24.36528508 +70 53 42.1730435     17.30 16.8   ~ 777 1
54 ICRF J084957.9+510829 Sy1 08 49 57.97685916 +51 08 29.0238146   19.37 18.78 17.79   ~ 249 2
55 [VV98] J085009.6-121334 QSO 08 50 09.63563375 -12 13 35.3761390     16.80 16.02   ~ 139 0
56 QSO J0854+2006 BLL 08 54 48.8749846272 +20 06 30.639583620   15.91 15.43 15.56   ~ 2327 1
57 ICRF J090933.4+425346 Sy2 09 09 33.49714902 +42 53 46.4821036   19.98 19.42 18.220   ~ 503 0
58 6C 091740+445437 Bla 09 20 58.45848666 +44 41 53.9850947   18.40 18.16 16.55   ~ 378 1
59 ICRF J092703.0+390220 Sy1 09 27 03.01394144 +39 02 20.8518067   17.17 17.00 16.486   ~ 1001 1
60 4C 40.24 QSO 09 48 55.33815103 +40 39 44.5869471   18.31 18.02 17.85   ~ 351 1
61 ICRF J095649.8+251516 Sy1 09 56 49.87537985 +25 15 16.0498155   17.46 17.21 17.96   ~ 331 1
62 ICRF J095738.1+552257 Sy1 09 57 38.1839604096 +55 22 57.754950636   18.24 17.89     ~ 434 1
63 6C 095456+654857 BLL 09 58 47.2451872176 +65 33 54.819354600     17.0 15.75   ~ 711 1
64 3C 241 rG 10 21 54.5 +21 59 30   23.5       ~ 168 0
65 QSO B1036+054 QSO 10 38 46.77987408 +05 12 29.0867216   20.21 19.45 19.53   ~ 102 1
66 ICRF J104309.0+240835 Sy1 10 43 09.03578135 +24 08 35.4094642   17.98 17.32 16.40   ~ 145 1
67 6C 103912+811006 QSO 10 44 23.06257022 +80 54 39.4430485     16.5 18.29   ~ 214 1
68 7C 104907.3+213551 QSO 10 51 48.78908056 +21 19 52.3137849     18.5 17.72   ~ 149 1
69 ICRF J105829.6+013358 Sy1 10 58 29.60520810 +01 33 58.8237454   18.74 18.28 16.68   ~ 774 2
70 Mrk 421 BLL 11 04 27.3140835504 +38 12 31.798495872   13.50 12.90 8.31   ~ 2671 1
71 8C 1150+812 QSO 11 53 12.49922322 +80 58 29.1545718     19.40 18.54   ~ 237 1
72 LB 2136 Sy1 11 53 24.46663994 +49 31 08.8301372   17.94 17.66     ~ 498 1
73 Ton 599 Sy1 11 59 31.83391383 +29 14 43.8268224   14.80 14.41 17.652 13.39 ~ 924 1
74 7C 1219+2830 BLL 12 21 31.6904439888 +28 13 58.500308172   16.81 16.11 14.24   ~ 873 1
75 ICRF J122222.5+041315 Sy1 12 22 22.54962606 +04 13 15.7760715   17.88 17.98 17.06   ~ 322 1
76 ICRF J122454.4+212246 Sy1 12 24 54.4583146056 +21 22 46.385507388   17.56 17.50 18.2   ~ 703 2
77 3C 273 BLL 12 29 06.6998257176 +02 03 08.597629980   13.05 14.830 14.11   ~ 5798 1
78 3C 279 Bla 12 56 11.16657958 -05 47 21.5251510   18.01 17.75 15.87   ~ 3042 2
79 US 371 BLL 13 10 28.66385420 +32 20 43.7828340   15.61 15.24 17.91   ~ 852 1
80 QSO B1324+224 QSO 13 27 00.86131319 +22 10 50.1628385     18.90 18.80   ~ 170 1
81 QSO B1406-076 QSO 14 08 56.48120623 -07 52 26.6665312   20.3 18.4     ~ 313 1
82 ICRF J141558.8+132023 Sy2 14 15 58.81751033 +13 20 23.7128587   21.055 20.000 18.461   ~ 437 1
83 ICRF J141946.5+542314 Sy2 14 19 46.5974051952 +54 23 14.787857796   16.17 15.65 14.16   ~ 595 1
84 QSO B1502+1041 Bla 15 04 24.97978391 +10 29 39.1985309   18.97 18.56 18.94   ~ 574 1
85 QSO J1512-0906 Bla 15 12 50.53293048 -09 05 59.8297908   16.74 16.54     ~ 1316 1
86 QSO B1532+016 QSO 15 34 52.45368345 +01 31 04.2065145   19.0 18.5 18.58   ~ 202 2
87 ICRF J154049.4+144745 Sy1 15 40 49.49151924 +14 47 45.8846989   17.72 17.30 17.240   ~ 421 1
88 QSO B1546+0246 Bla 15 49 29.43684740 +02 37 01.1632556   17.57 17.42 15.53   ~ 364 1
89 4C 05.64 QSO 15 50 35.26924234 +05 27 10.4483641   19.10 18.73 19.02   ~ 348 1
90 4C 10.45 QSO 16 08 46.20318700 +10 29 07.7757424   18.5 18.70 18.03   ~ 383 1
91 6C 161147+342017 QSO 16 13 41.06424322 +34 12 47.9088535   17.98 17.46 17.07   ~ 642 1
92 4C 38.41 QSO 16 35 15.49297809 +38 08 04.5005995   18.14 17.97 17.25   ~ 857 1
93 ICRF J163813.4+572023 Sy1 16 38 13.45629995 +57 20 23.9789828     16.90 16.94   ~ 359 1
94 4C 69.21 QSO 16 42 07.84851261 +68 56 39.7563611   19.723   19.219   ~ 304 1
95 NAME Her B Sy1 16 42 58.80997043 +39 48 36.9939552   16.81 16.59 16.84   ~ 1724 2
96 7C 165211.80+395026.00 BLL 16 53 52.21668403 +39 45 36.6088754 14.09 14.15 13.29 8.26   ~ 2160 2
97 ICRF J172824.9+042704 Sy1 17 28 24.95272284 +04 27 04.9138307   17.43 16.99 16.24   ~ 224 1
98 QSO B1730-130 QSO 17 33 02.70578907 -13 04 49.5482119   18 19.50 18.78 17.39 ~ 1138 1
99 4C 51.37 Bla 17 40 36.97784792 +52 11 43.4073694   18.16 18.70 16.73   ~ 413 1
100 QSO B1741-038 QSO 17 43 58.85613537 -03 50 04.6167326     20.40 17.98   ~ 548 1
101 4C 09.57 BLL 17 51 32.81857326 +09 39 00.7284066   17.46 16.78 15.57   ~ 943 1
102 7C 175844.60+384828.00 QSO 18 00 24.76536016 +38 48 30.6974570   17.8 17.98 17.04   ~ 151 1
103 8C 1803+784 BLL 18 00 45.6838528560 +78 28 04.018028016   16.4 15.90 15.46   ~ 740 1
104 3C 371 BLL 18 06 50.6802916920 +69 49 28.109609256   14.77 14.22 11.39   ~ 856 2
105 4C 56.27 BLL 18 24 07.06837171 +56 51 01.4908155   18.9 19.30 16.48   ~ 482 1
106 ICRF J182931.7+484446 Sy1 18 29 31.7809732968 +48 44 46.160168892   17.05 16.81 16.860   ~ 688 1
107 ICRF J184208.9+794617 Sy1 18 42 08.9904975672 +79 46 17.127835104   16.06 15.38     ~ 1316 0
108 ICRF J190255.9+315941 Sy1 19 02 55.93889653 +31 59 41.7016439     17.5     ~ 271 2
109 6C 192647+611105 BLL 19 27 30.4428785736 +61 17 32.878880988   17.5 17.5 16.99   ~ 125 1
110 4C 73.18 BLL 19 27 48.4947009120 +73 58 01.572558816     16.06 15.11   ~ 534 2
111 QSO B1954+513 QSO 19 55 42.73825546 +51 31 48.5461173     18.5 17.34   ~ 237 1
112 8C 2007+777 BLL 20 05 30.9987913056 +77 52 43.248139536     16.5 17.36   ~ 446 1
113 QSO B2005+40 QSO 20 07 44.9449261536 +40 29 48.603352020   18.5 19.00 20.3   ~ 301 1
114 ICRF J202206.6+613658 Sy2 20 22 06.68174620 +61 36 58.8047323     19.00 17.58   ~ 321 1
115 [VV96] J202456.5+171814 QSO 20 24 56.5636552128 +17 18 13.196337192   17.5 19.5 17.51   ~ 50 1
116 3C 418.0 QSO 20 38 37.03472279 +51 19 12.6624988   21.30 21.00 18.9   ~ 311 0
117 QSO B2059+034 QSO 21 01 38.83415344 +03 41 31.3207714   18.13 17.78 17.68   ~ 165 1
118 QSO J2123+0535 QSO 21 23 44.51739933 +05 35 22.0930238   18.3 20.40 19.86   ~ 294 1
119 QSO B2134+0028 QSO 21 36 38.58632232 +00 41 54.2128562   17.30 17.08 17.02   ~ 562 2
120 QSO B2136+1410 QSO 21 39 01.30926630 +14 23 35.9921774     18.90 18.22   ~ 248 1
121 ICRF J214335.5+174348 Sy1 21 43 35.54456275 +17 43 48.7875890   15.91 15.73 15.17   ~ 389 1
122 QSO B2144+093 QSO 21 47 10.16296704 +09 29 46.6722487   18.72 18.54 16.51   ~ 206 1
123 4C 06.69 Bla 21 48 05.45866779 +06 57 38.6041877   16.85 16.47 15.06   ~ 676 1
124 NAME BL Lac BLL 22 02 43.2913536816 +42 16 39.979416792   15.66 14.72     ~ 2258 1
125 4C 31.63 BLL 22 03 14.9756830008 +31 45 38.269473228   15.85 15.58 14.33   ~ 495 1
126 QSO B2201+1711 BLL 22 03 26.89368237 +17 25 48.2477620     19.50 14.76   ~ 204 1
127 QSO B2209+236 QSO 22 12 05.96631459 +23 55 40.5438259   19 20.66 19.69   ~ 230 1
128 3C 446 BLL 22 25 47.25929101 -04 57 01.3907626   18.83 18.39 16.3   ~ 830 1
129 QSO B2227-0848 Bla 22 29 40.08433313 -08 32 54.4355294   17.80 17.41 17.81   ~ 360 1
130 4C 11.69 Bla 22 32 36.40890093 +11 43 50.9040592   17.75 17.33     ~ 1119 2
131 QSO B2232+282 BLL 22 36 22.47084387 +28 28 57.4132050   19.1 19.0 17.60   ~ 270 1
132 3C 454.3 Bla 22 53 57.7480438728 +16 08 53.561508864   16.57 16.10 15.22   ~ 2845 2
133 QSO B2254+0727 BLL 22 57 17.30311778 +07 43 12.3025633   17.07 16.36     ~ 303 1
134 ICRF J234636.8+093045 Sy1 23 46 36.8384562240 +09 30 45.514903032   16.23 15.97 15.99   ~ 320 2
135 4C 45.51 QSO 23 54 21.68022501 +45 53 04.2365520   20.6 20.60 19.1   ~ 230 1
136 6C 235401+813601 QSO 23 56 22.79391486 +81 52 52.2550985     20.3 18   ~ 64 1

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