SIMBAD references

In this paper, we examine how well galaxies and intracluster gas trace the gravitational potential of clusters. Utilizing mass profiles derived from gravitational lensing and X-ray observations, coupled with measured galaxy velocities, we solve for the velocity anisotropy parameter β_orb(r) using the anisotropic Jeans equation. This is done for five clusters, three at low redshift: A2199, A496 and A576 and two at high redshifts: A2390 and MS1358. We use X-ray temperature profiles obtained from Chandra and ASCA/ROSAT data to estimate β_X(r), the ratio of energy in the galaxies compared to the X-ray gas. We find that none of these clusters is strictly in hydrostatic equilibrium. We compare the properties of our sample with clusters that form in high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations that include baryonic physics. Simulations and data show considerable scatter in their β_orb(r) and β_X(r) profiles. We demonstrate the future feasibility and potential for directly comparing the orbital structure of clusters inferred from multiwavelength observations with high-resolution simulated clusters.