2001ApJ...559..791C

Query : 2001ApJ...559..791C

2001ApJ...559..791C - Astrophys. J., 559, 791-811 (2001/October-1)

Galaxy populations and evolution in clusters. I. Dynamics and the origin of low-mass galaxies in the Virgo cluster.

CONSELICE C.J., GALLAGHER III J.S. and WYSE R.F.G.

Abstract (from CDS):

Early-type dwarfs are the most common galaxy in the local universe, yet their origin and evolution remain a mystery. Various cosmological scenarios predict that dwarf-like galaxies in dense areas are the first to form and hence should be the oldest stellar systems in clusters. By using radial velocities of early-type dwarfs in the Virgo cluster we demonstrate that these galaxies are not an old cluster population but have signatures of production from the infall of field galaxies. Evidence of this includes the combined large dispersions and substructure in spatial and kinematic distributions for Virgo early-type dwarfs and a velocity dispersion ratio with giant ellipticals expected for virialized and accreted populations. We also argue that these galaxies cannot originate from accreted field dwarfs, but must have physically evolved from a precursor population, of different morphology, that fell into Virgo some time in the past.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): Galaxies: Dwarf - Galaxies: Elliptical and Lenticular, cD - Galaxies: Evolution - Galaxies: Formation - Galaxies: Star Clusters

Simbad objects: 153

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Number of rows : 153
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NGC 147 GiG 00 33 12.120 +48 30 31.46   12.0 9.5     ~ 687 1
2 NGC 185 Sy2 00 38 57.9400026024 +48 20 15.035874648   9.10 9.2     ~ 800 1
3 M 110 GiG 00 40 22.0572349992 +41 41 07.507220136   8.92 8.07     ~ 1308 1
4 M 32 GiG 00 42 41.82480 +40 51 54.6120 9.51 9.03 8.08     ~ 2154 2
5 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 12645 1
6 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 5838 1
7 NAME Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1743 1
8 * alf Tau LP? 04 35 55.23907 +16 30 33.4885 4.32 2.40 0.86 -0.37 -1.31 K5+III 1255 2
9 * bet Gem PM* 07 45 18.94987 +28 01 34.3160 3.00 2.14 1.14 0.39 -0.11 K0IIIb 1101 2
10 * eps Leo V* 09 45 51.0736168507 +23 46 27.313597604 4.23 3.79 2.98 2.36 1.93 G1IIIa 339 0
11 IC 3019 GiG 12 09 22.257 +13 59 32.73   15.0       ~ 110 0
12 Z 69-72 AG? 12 10 57.107 +09 13 09.89   15.4       ~ 35 0
13 NAME NGC 4168 Group GrG 12 12.0 +13 24           ~ 63 0
14 NGC 4168 Sy1 12 12 17.2692381408 +13 12 18.688208724 12.58 12.11 11.18     ~ 377 2
15 LEDA 39250 GiC 12 15 53.794 +14 01 29.64   18       ~ 44 0
16 IC 3081 AG? 12 16 09.0661264512 +12 41 28.641852744   15.60       ~ 32 0
17 MCG+02-31-076 GiG 12 16 33.691 +13 01 52.48   15.2       ~ 70 0
18 IC 3097 AG? 12 17 01.1061950928 +09 24 27.173437596   15.3       ~ 38 0
19 UGC 7314 AG? 12 17 14.5186599720 +08 56 32.079967476   15.5       ~ 29 0
20 IC 3101 LSB 12 17 19.6485543456 +11 56 36.472097652   15.5       ~ 72 0
21 LEDA 39539 AG? 12 18 31.722 +05 50 59.31   18       ~ 22 0
22 LEDA 39564 AG? 12 18 42.172 +05 39 55.53           ~ 15 0
23 LEDA 39565 AG? 12 18 42.8943397128 +05 47 20.082416892           ~ 20 0
24 IC 3136 AG? 12 18 57.323 +06 11 03.59   14.7       ~ 46 0
25 Z 42-7 GiG 12 19 00.5498209824 +06 05 40.748183916   15.3       ~ 28 0
26 MCG+02-31-089 GiP 12 19 01.9785829056 +13 58 56.837216748   17       ~ 24 0
27 IC 3142 LSB 12 19 05.091 +13 58 52.19   15.4       ~ 52 0
28 LEDA 39620 AG? 12 19 05.958 +05 44 20.23           ~ 16 0
29 NGC 4257 LIN 12 19 06.4769064072 +05 43 33.480664392   15.0       ~ 49 0
30 LEDA 39649 AG? 12 19 17.5759626504 +05 52 33.238526484           ~ 17 0
31 2MASX J12192024+0528004 GiP 12 19 20.248 +05 28 00.46   16.35       ~ 20 0
32 NGC 4266 AGN 12 19 42.316 +05 32 17.52   15.0       ~ 72 0
33 IC 3155 GiP 12 19 45.3196396704 +06 00 21.200371884   15.0       ~ 46 0
34 NAME Virgo W GrG 12 20.0 +05 48   6.3       ~ 84 0
35 LEDA 39760 AG? 12 20 03.990 +05 24 52.69           ~ 25 0
36 2MASX J12201221+0637231 GiG 12 20 12.1876857240 +06 37 23.506336596   15.4       ~ 34 0
37 LEDA 39792 LSB 12 20 17.87 +06 00 06.3           ~ 14 0
38 UGC 7399 A GiG 12 20 48.7985405736 +17 29 13.991194464   15.1       ~ 94 0
39 IC 3218 AG? 12 22 19.471 +06 55 39.81   15.6       ~ 17 0
40 UGC 7436 GiP 12 22 19.530 +14 45 38.11   15.2       ~ 131 0
41 IC 783A GiC 12 22 19.6171385352 +15 44 00.781057356   15.85       ~ 41 0
42 LEDA 40074 GiG 12 22 21.677 +10 36 10.81   16       ~ 30 0
43 NGC 4322 GiC 12 23 01.7282031936 +15 54 20.021975496   14.81 13.94     ~ 88 1
44 NGC 4328 GiG 12 23 20.0385680184 +15 49 13.327474224   14.04       ~ 89 1
45 2MASX J12235767+1253130 GiC 12 23 57.7019192544 +12 53 13.659088596   16     14.0 ~ 34 0
46 LEDA 40354 LSB 12 24 18.767 +12 54 45.33   18.90     16.7 ~ 11 0
47 MCG+02-32-029 GiC 12 24 21.9 +13 01 47   15.6       ~ 17 0
48 NGC 4366 GiG 12 24 47.0076210312 +07 21 10.906378848   15.2       ~ 43 0
49 2MASX J12244955+0645343 GiG 12 24 49.5642286944 +06 45 34.373655792   15.5       ~ 31 0
50 MCG+02-32-032 GiC 12 24 51.626 +13 06 40.20   17 15.62   14.89 ~ 36 0
51 LEDA 40453 AG? 12 25 02.9804086512 +07 30 13.663229616   15.77       ~ 22 0
52 2MASX J12250351+1314403 GiC 12 25 03.4812590160 +13 14 40.886437128   16.35 15.59   14.86 ~ 34 0
53 IC 3305 GiG 12 25 14.5000274376 +11 50 58.592846544   15.12       ~ 46 1
54 IC 3303 GiG 12 25 15.1991817360 +12 42 52.784461080   15.1 14.24   13.29 ~ 78 0
55 2MASX J12251758+1410230 GiC 12 25 17.582 +14 10 23.00   16       ~ 23 0
56 MCG+03-32-028 GiC 12 25 24.0614109600 +18 08 23.380187820   16.37       ~ 27 0
57 LEDA 40534 GiC 12 25 33.535 +13 13 37.96   17.22 16.16   15.14 ~ 49 0
58 IC 3313 GiP 12 25 36.428 +15 49 47.32   15.6       ~ 32 0
59 LEDA 40548 GiC 12 25 37.2090679392 +13 08 37.337258544   16.8 15.39   14.29 ~ 43 0
60 LEDA 40556 GiC 12 25 38.9249633160 +12 18 49.499581608   16       ~ 33 0
61 LEDA 40574 GiC 12 25 44.6358557064 +13 01 19.566013188   17.53 16.81   15.48 ~ 32 0
62 LEDA 40577 GiG 12 25 47.079 +12 45 37.43   17.89 17.01   16.15 ~ 17 0
63 LEDA 40598 GiC 12 25 50.517 +13 11 51.51   17 15.56   14.51 ~ 41 0
64 LEDA 40611 GiC 12 25 55.696 +12 46 10.98   18 16.91   16.05 ~ 28 0
65 IC 3328 GiP 12 25 57.9238048368 +10 03 13.552350912   14.9       ~ 158 0
66 MCG+02-32-045 GiC 12 26 05.643 +12 33 34.64   17 14.59   13.61 ~ 39 0
67 LEDA 40641 GiC 12 26 06.6837854016 +12 51 39.489536160   18 16.45   15.45 ~ 33 0
68 M 86 GiG 12 26 11.814 +12 56 45.49 10.32 9.83 8.90   7.50 ~ 1084 1
69 LEDA 40659 GiC 12 26 15.18 +12 57 49.8   16.7 14.32   12.70 ~ 36 0
70 LEDA 40679 GiC 12 26 22.6098 +12 47 11.020   21 17.18   16.40 ~ 32 0
71 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 26 32.1 +12 43 24           ~ 6643 0
72 IC 3344 GiG 12 26 32.3896963032 +13 34 43.544246304   15.2       ~ 64 0
73 LEDA 40707 GiC 12 26 33.2021330472 +12 44 34.700132004   16.2 15.10   13.80 ~ 45 0
74 LEDA 40723 GiC 12 26 39.8074874064 +12 30 48.729151800   16 15.38   14.39 ~ 29 0
75 IC 3349 GiG 12 26 47.0630055600 +12 27 14.345391348   15.3 13.98   12.95 ~ 84 0
76 IC 3358 GiG 12 26 54.423 +11 39 48.84   14.28 13.52   12.30 ~ 73 1
77 LEDA 40767 GiC 12 26 54.7602219480 +13 33 58.363720056   16       ~ 27 0
78 IC 3363 GiG 12 27 03.303 +12 33 37.70   15.31 14.54   13.45 ~ 59 1
79 LEDA 40787 GiG 12 27 03.8055 +12 51 59.190   17.16 18.10   17.11 ~ 18 0
80 LEDA 40806 AG? 12 27 11.243 +12 02 17.33   18.3 17.41   16.45 ~ 22 0
81 IC 3369 GiG 12 27 16.9345517640 +16 01 28.169699412   15.1       ~ 54 0
82 LEDA 40838 GiG 12 27 21.063 +13 06 41.59   21 17.39   16.69 ~ 21 0
83 LEDA 40890 LSB 12 27 39.251 +12 52 47.80   21 17.10   16.29 ~ 15 0
84 NGC 4436 GiP 12 27 41.2343736168 +12 18 57.193481304 14.20 13.91 12.98     ~ 130 1
85 LEDA 40913 GiG 12 27 44.5245 +12 59 01.260           ~ 17 0
86 LEDA 40915 GiG 12 27 45.716 +12 52 25.06   17.50       ~ 11 0
87 IC 794 GiG 12 28 08.6096744256 +12 05 35.874205512   14.07 13.44   12.39 ~ 113 1
88 IC 3383 GiG 12 28 12.3076321056 +10 17 51.446913720   15.5 15.18     ~ 85 0
89 IC 3381 LSB 12 28 14.8698618648 +11 47 23.359165728   14.42       ~ 165 1
90 IC 3388 GiG 12 28 28.0533797328 +12 49 25.325894568   15.4 14.73   13.73 ~ 70 0
91 IC 3393 GiG 12 28 41.7047406696 +12 54 57.265958916   14.85 14.24   13.19 ~ 109 1
92 MCG+02-32-085 LSB 12 29 08.152 +09 26 37.89   17       ~ 30 0
93 LEDA 41136 GiC 12 29 14.938 +12 58 41.03   17 15.58   14.52 ~ 37 0
94 GRDG +12 52 GiC 12 29 23.5156350432 +12 27 02.909896992   16 15.29   14.16 ~ 92 0
95 NAME Vir B Cluster GrG 12 29.8 +08 00           ~ 132 0
96 M 49 Sy2 12 29 46.8 +08 00 01   13.21 12.17     ~ 2093 2
97 NGC 4473 GiG 12 29 48.878 +13 25 45.55 11.60 11.16 10.20     ~ 644 1
98 2MASX J12295113+1352042 GiC 12 29 51.134 +13 52 04.23           ~ 19 0
99 2MASX J12300506+0804241 G 12 30 05.0700348600 +08 04 23.971869048   16.82 15.13     ~ 76 0
100 NGC 4482 GiG 12 30 10.3245430152 +10 46 46.088237784   14.2       ~ 170 0
101 IC 3437 GiC 12 30 45.9003093456 +11 20 35.375795700   15.5       ~ 54 0
102 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7193 3
103 NAME LOCAL SUPERCL SCG 12 31 +12.4           ~ 519 0
104 IC 3443 GiC 12 31 15.7337529840 +12 19 54.408896940   16.15 14.95   13.74 ~ 70 0
105 LEDA 41428 GiC 12 31 16.87 +13 49 41.1   16       ~ 22 0
106 IC 3442 GiG 12 31 20.1836306184 +14 06 54.669163572   15.4       ~ 105 0
107 IC 3457 GiG 12 31 51.3438999336 +12 39 25.148930292   14.69 14.56   13.58 ~ 92 1
108 IC 3461 GiG 12 32 02.747 +11 53 23.16   15.4 14.88   13.3 ~ 127 0
109 IC 3465 GiC 12 32 12.363 +12 03 39.78   16.93 16.16   14.6 ~ 42 0
110 IC 3470 GiP 12 32 23.353 +11 15 47.56   15.0       ~ 116 0
111 IC 3478 GiG 12 32 44.1866400432 +14 11 46.256511372   15.0       ~ 57 1
112 IC 3490 GiC 12 33 13.902 +10 55 42.73   15.6       ~ 79 0
113 IC 3486 GiG 12 33 14.026 +12 51 27.77   15.3       ~ 56 1
114 LEDA 41726 G 12 33 37.7 +07 52 21   15.93       ~ 31 0
115 IC 3506 GiC 12 34 06.739 +12 44 29.75   16.67 15.93   14.1 ~ 92 0
116 IC 3510 GiG 12 34 14.8201884552 +11 04 17.432673708   15.2       ~ 63 0
117 IC 3518 GiG 12 34 31.291 +09 37 24.36   15.3       ~ 49 0
118 LEDA 42046 AG? 12 36 24.7789709448 +10 23 04.828762356   16       ~ 78 0
119 LEDA 42059 AG? 12 36 30.6258729537 +13 38 17.735817822   16       ~ 28 0
120 LEDA 42143 LSB 12 37 29.1657027192 +04 44 50.088637140   15.7       ~ 30 0
121 IC 3602 GiG 12 38 07.097 +10 04 57.22   15.5       ~ 82 0
122 IC 3633 GiG 12 40 11.2491451848 +09 53 46.054801392   15.4       ~ 74 0
123 IC 3635 GiG 12 40 13.334 +12 52 29.98   15.5       ~ 82 0
124 IC 3647 GiG 12 40 52.6818722640 +10 28 35.428593144   15.3       ~ 71 0
125 IC 3652 GiG 12 40 58.5602846328 +11 11 04.080925212   15.1       ~ 115 0
126 LEDA 42547 GiC 12 41 15.391 +11 17 55.20   16     14.3 ~ 25 0
127 IC 3658 LSB 12 41 20.6339756904 +14 42 02.014377660   15.5       ~ 45 0
128 LEDA 42571 AG? 12 41 29.436 +10 45 46.89   16       ~ 16 0
129 IC 3663 GiC 12 41 39.412 +12 14 50.63   15.65     14.0 ~ 75 0
130 IC 3665 GiG 12 41 46.0483203240 +11 29 19.184448192   15.3       ~ 41 0
131 LEDA 42602 GiC 12 41 48.939 +11 11 29.07   18     15.1 ~ 21 0
132 UGC 7857 GiG 12 41 54.284 +13 46 22.38   15.3       ~ 30 0
133 IC 3672 GiG 12 42 08.6673855720 +11 45 15.438923748   15.1       ~ 111 0
134 LEDA 42669 AG? 12 42 18.2109117240 +10 34 03.469205136   17       ~ 21 0
135 IC 3686 LIN 12 42 35.9962095096 +10 33 55.058105736   15.6       ~ 10 0
136 LEDA 42731 G 12 42 49.9834690584 +13 17 37.807715220           ~ 13 0
137 2MASX J12425631+0340355 GiG 12 42 56.3359175976 +03 40 35.752436760   15.1       ~ 51 0
138 NGC 4640 GiG 12 42 57.7690185600 +12 17 13.056430128   15.2     12.5 ~ 55 0
139 IC 3693 GiG 12 42 58.034 +10 40 54.93   15.4       ~ 60 0
140 LEDA 42779 GiC 12 43 10.3560409704 +11 02 13.112412036   17     14.9 ~ 21 0
141 LEDA 42812 GiC 12 43 30.891 +11 02 49.53   17     14.7 ~ 21 0
142 IC 3727 GiC 12 45 05.664 +10 54 03.13   15.6       ~ 40 0
143 IC 3735 AG? 12 45 20.4211125864 +13 41 33.601364304   15.1       ~ 91 0
144 IC 3779 GiG 12 47 20.281 +12 09 59.58   15.5     13.3 ~ 82 0
145 LEDA 43211 LSB 12 47 59.922 +10 58 14.89   21       ~ 79 0
146 * del Boo PM* 15 15 30.1628200572 +33 18 53.392471806 5.12 4.44 3.49 2.76 2.25 G8IIIFe-1 377 0
147 * omi CrB PM* 15 20 08.5586504208 +29 36 58.345262280 7.30 6.53 5.51     K0III 145 1
148 * gam UMi dS* 15 20 43.7035316402 +71 50 02.491637684   3.067 3.002     A2III 150 0
149 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2187 2
150 NAME Virgo Extension GrG ~ ~           ~ 52 0
151 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 8389 0
152 NAME Virgo Wb Cloud GrG ~ ~           ~ 4 0
153 NAME Virgo Wa Cloud GrG ~ ~           ~ 4 0

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