SIMBAD references

Model dispersion relations are introduced to explore power spectra of the normal-branch (NB) and horizontal-branch (HB) quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs; for reviews see Van der Klis (1989)[ARA&A, 27, 517], (1992) [Proc. of NATO ASI X-Ray Binaries and Recycled Pulsars, eds. E.P.J. Van den Heuvel & S.A. Rappaport, Kluwer, Dordrecht], (1995)[Proc. of NATO ASI The Lives of the Neutron Stars, eds. M.A. Alpar, Umit Kiziloglu, & J. van Paradijs, Kluwer, Dordrecht]) of low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) in terms of wave packets and to illustrate the presence of frequency bands around the Kepler and beat frequencies. For the NB QPOs wave packets of sound waves in a thick middle disk state, with frequencies determined by the rotation frequency, have wavelengths comparable to the size of the middle disk. For Z-sources on the HB, the wave packets result from disturbances in the inner disk induced by the neutron star magnetic field which rotates at the beat frequency with respect to the inner disk. For both the NB and the HB QPOs, we construct simple model dispersion relations, and show that the QPO peaks in the observed power spectra correspond to reasonable wavelengths and system parameters. The kilohertz QPOs, which were discovered after the original version of this paper was submitted, are also discussed as a possible realization of the Kepler and beat frequency bands. Problems of integrating the kHz and HB QPOs in a disk model are briefly noted. It is tentatively suggested that supersonic and wave propagation regions of the inner disk have complementary functions for the origin of kHz and HB QPOs respectively.