1996A&A...315..284H

Query : 1996A&A...315..284H

1996A&A...315..284H - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 315, 284-302 (1996/11-1)

The molecular envelopes of planetary nebulae.

HUGGINS P.J., BACHILLER R., COX P. and FORVEILLE T.

Abstract (from CDS):

We report the results of a survey of millimeter CO emission in 91 planetary nebulae using the IRAM 30 m and SEST 15 m telescopes. The observations provide new detections or improved data for 23 nebulae in the CO(2-1) and/or CO(1-0) line, and sensitive limits for those not seen in CO. Analysis of the results together with previous observations confirms the existence of an important class of planetary nebulae with massive (10–2-a few M☉) envelopes of molecular gas. These nebulae typically have abundance ratios of N/O>0.3 and bipolar morphologies indicative of a young disk population. The column density through the envelopes and their mass relative to the mass of ionized gas show dramatic decreases with increasing nebular size, documenting the expansion of the envelopes and the growth of the optical nebulae at the expense of the molecular gas. The molecular envelopes remain a major mass component in these objects until the nebulae reach a radius of R≃0.1pc. The nebulae not detected in CO have little or no molecular gas (≲10–2-10–3M☉), and their envelopes must be rapidly photo-dissociated before or during the compact phase. The large differences in the molecular gas content of the nebulae highlight the different evolutionary paths for planetary nebula formation which result from the range in mass of the progenitors and the structure of their circumstellar envelopes.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): planetary nebulae: general - stars: mass loss - radio lines: stars - ISM

CDS comments: table 1 : PK 009-07.1 misprint for 009-08.1

Simbad objects: 115

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Number of rows : 115
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2024 		#notes
1 NGC 40 PN 00 13 01.0170097248 +72 31 19.033338720   11.63 11.46     [WC8] 617 2
2 M 76 PN 01 42 19.6557728208 +51 34 31.534970052     17.48   17.69 DOZ 374 2
3 IC 1747 PN 01 57 35.6899203048 +63 19 18.447328776   15.8 15.4     [WC4] 262 2
4 PN M 1-4 PN 03 41 43.4191369752 +52 17 00.267451836   15.86 14.27 15.26   ~ 120 1
5 PN M 4-18 PN 04 25 50.8356162744 +60 07 12.780446700   14.22 13.96     [WC11] 181 0
6 RAFGL 618 pA* 04 42 53.6242032600 +36 06 53.400902220   16.32   12.59   C-rich 1000 0
7 IC 418 PN 05 27 28.2059533560 -12 41 50.282287764   9.405 9.010 10.118   O7fp 1031 2
8 PN M 1-5 PN 05 46 50.0119955400 +24 22 02.848049436           ~ 116 1
9 IC 2149 PN 05 56 23.9011721904 +46 06 17.204826816   11.21 11.35     O7.5 429 0
10 IC 2165 PN 06 21 42.7847803566 -12 59 14.040997076   12.146 10.782 12.305   ~ 375 0
11 PN VV 28 PN 06 25 57.2710426104 +17 47 27.136548168     12.5     [WC] 290 0
12 PN M 1-6 PN 06 35 45.1241072736 -00 05 37.396958568     15.84     O6-9I 116 1
13 PN M 1-7 PN 06 37 20.9195312048 +24 00 35.467965071           ~ 114 0
14 PN M 1-8 PN 06 53 33.795 +03 08 26.96   11.7       ~ 99 0
15 PN Vo 1 PN 06 59 26.4167860656 -79 38 47.118534828           [WC10] 100 0
16 PN M 1-9 PN 07 05 19.2001625040 +02 46 59.452173768           ~ 88 0
17 NGC 2346 PN 07 09 22.5215800440 -00 48 23.610997332   11.76 11.58     A5V 573 0
18 PN M 1-11 PN 07 11 16.6948815960 -19 51 02.898476424     13.5     WC10-11 146 0
19 PN M 3-2 PN 07 14 49.9223169552 -27 50 23.233595640           ~ 78 0
20 PN M 1-12 PN 07 19 21.4685188440 -21 43 55.402228344     14.08     WC10-11 117 0
21 PN M 1-13 PN 07 21 15.037 -18 08 34.65   11.0       ~ 95 0
22 NGC 2371 PN 07 25 34.6883929008 +29 29 26.430252072   14.48 13.5     Oe 367 0
23 PN M 3-3 PN 07 26 34.228 -05 21 52.16           ~ 79 0
24 PN M 1-14 PN 07 27 56.5101847704 -20 13 22.650485448           O(H)7-9 103 0
25 PN M 1-17 PN 07 40 22.1724359520 -11 32 29.783641164           ~ 100 0
26 NGC 2438 PN 07 41 50.5194253896 -14 44 07.470144744           ~ 285 3
27 NGC 2440 PN 07 41 55.4 -18 12 32   11.469 10.104     ~ 652 2
28 NGC 2452 PN 07 47 26.2649505144 -27 20 06.819982188   17.9 12.20     [WO1] 256 0
29 PN ARO 121 PN 07 57 51.6169237320 +53 25 16.950484848   16.775 17.128 17.288 17.501 DQ 162 1
30 EM* AS 204 PN 08 53 30.8813829000 -40 03 42.779700468     14.00     ~ 86 1
31 WRAY 16-35 PN 09 08 40.0515481224 -53 19 13.782487512     13.50     ~ 39 0
32 NGC 2818A PN 09 16 01.4901525600 -36 37 37.516376856           ~ 229 1
33 WRAY 16-46 PN 09 24 45.8351344920 -54 36 15.511753656     12.40     ~ 62 0
34 NGC 2899 PN 09 27 03.02 -56 06 21.1     12.40     G0 150 0
35 CD-56 2932 PN 09 43 25.6321182358 -57 16 55.530993175   11.851 11.171 11.206   A2II 124 0
36 NGC 3132 PN 10 07 01.7656422504 -40 26 11.130553032   10.14 10.01     A2V 393 1
37 PN PB 6 PN 10 13 15.9622567176 -50 19 59.563979688   17.4 17.6     [WO1] 137 0
38 WRAY 16-72 PN 10 34 19.091 -53 41 03.11     14.30     ~ 40 0
39 PN Hf 48 PN 11 03 55.98 -60 36 04.6     15.00     ~ 40 0
40 NGC 3699 PN 11 27 57.8398404036 -59 57 28.454312991   10 13.00     ~ 93 1
41 PN Fg 1 PN 11 28 36.2243510088 -52 56 04.118494344   13.1 12.20     ~ 172 0
42 WRAY 16-96 PN 11 35 10.9637597544 -60 17 01.028531004     16.00     ~ 36 0
43 NGC 4071 PN 12 04 14.7015321744 -67 18 36.458254800     14.00     ~ 90 0
44 WRAY 16-105 PN 12 08 25.30 -64 12 08.0     13.00     ~ 40 0
45 ESO 95-1 HII 12 09 01.260 -63 15 59.63     16.00     ~ 95 2
46 NGC 4293 LIN 12 21 12.891 +18 22 56.64   11.6       ~ 291 2
47 WRAY 16-116 PN 12 30 07.6635469200 -63 53 00.759254676   13.59 14.67     ~ 49 0
48 NGC 5189 PN 13 33 32.8780414224 -65 58 27.041428272   14.1 14.5   14.35 [WO1] 316 2
49 NGC 5315 PN 13 53 56.9726795664 -66 30 50.859483264   14.58 14.40     [WO4] 309 0
50 IC 4406 PN 14 22 26.1440976888 -44 09 02.185112988   11.5 10.90     ~ 281 0
51 WRAY 16-156 PN 14 33 17.97 -60 49 36.3   16.3 16.7   15.38 ~ 162 0
52 WRAY 15-1269 PN 14 59 53.4819371136 -54 18 07.521138792 12.12 12.17 11.64 11.63   [WC11] 248 0
53 WRAY 16-159 PN 15 04 08.6255732424 -60 53 20.140992096     14.00     ~ 72 0
54 WRAY 16-163 PN 15 06 01.90 -61 21 19.0     14.00     ~ 41 0
55 NGC 5844 PN 15 10 40.60 -64 40 25.0     12.70     ~ 78 0
56 WRAY 16-182 PN 15 25 32.6550631928 -52 50 37.942546489     15.20     ~ 52 0
57 PN Mz 1 PN 15 34 16.6410983544 -59 09 08.105422716   12.8 13.10     ~ 120 0
58 HD 330036 PN 15 51 15.9290064932 -48 44 58.559111355   11.759 10.892 10.921   F5III-IVe 157 0
59 NGC 6058 PN 16 04 26.5481632728 +40 40 58.949391036     13.0     sd 201 0
60 NGC 6072 PN 16 12 58.3635385680 -36 13 47.395106184     12.10     ~ 174 0
61 PN Mz 3 PN 16 17 13.3915382496 -51 59 10.711893480   10.8 14.00     O9.5 349 0
62 IC 4599 PN 16 19 23.2088078304 -42 15 36.708913692     12.70     ~ 83 0
63 PN Pe 1-7 PN 16 30 25.8656749320 -46 02 50.864386056   17.9 16.7     [WC9] 91 0
64 WRAY 15-1508 PN 16 34 13.50 -49 21 12.3     17.00     ~ 61 0
65 NGC 6210 PN 16 44 29.5191019368 +23 47 59.421958296   12.3 11.7     Of/[WR] 587 0
66 PN M 2-9 PN 17 05 37.96152 -10 08 32.5068           ~ 522 0
67 CPD-56 8032 PN 17 09 00.9291677740 -56 54 47.868280757 11.24 11.48 11.04 11.067   [WC11] 267 0
68 NGC 6302 PN 17 13 44.5 -37 06 11           O-rich 795 1
69 NGC 6309 PN 17 14 04.3074600360 -12 54 37.893271860   11.6       O(He) 312 1
70 NGC 6369 PN 17 29 20.4566510904 -23 45 34.771819248   16.6 12.00     [WC4] 317 0
71 OH 000.9+01.3 pA* 17 42 33.0789666768 -27 28 25.848628968           O-rich 62 1
72 PN M 1-26 PN 17 45 57.6673214328 -30 12 00.766253160   12.89 12.08 12.00   [WR] 211 0
73 NGC 6445 PN 17 49 15.0282384611 -20 00 34.159640072   18.9       ~ 293 0
74 NGC 6543 PN 17 58 33.4039587288 +66 37 58.750734000   11.09 11.28     [WC] 1170 1
75 PN Sp 3 PN 18 07 15.8007531408 -51 01 10.214393376   12.80 12.89 13.46 13.22 O 78 0
76 NGC 6563 PN 18 12 02.50 -33 52 07.0   11.7 10     ~ 178 1
77 NGC 6572 PN 18 12 06.3181909152 +06 51 13.027935240   9.3 10.8     [WC] 753 0
78 PN M 4-9 PN 18 14 18.41 -04 59 22.1     16.6     ~ 75 0
79 PN SwSt 1 PN 18 16 12.2834104368 -30 52 07.906578996   12.1 11.10     [WC9/10] 294 0
80 NGC 6629 PN 18 25 42.4541775576 -23 12 10.551587436   11.90 9.9     [WC5/6] 265 0
81 PN M 2-43 PN 18 26 40.0500205632 -02 42 57.364170912     15.7     [WC7/8] 120 0
82 PN M 3-27 PN 18 27 48.2638650624 +14 29 06.066648996           ~ 77 0
83 PN M 3-28 PN 18 32 41.288 -10 05 50.03   15.6       ~ 92 0
84 PN GJJC 1 PN 18 36 22.820 -23 55 18.26       13.52 12.44 ~ 97 0
85 PN M 1-56 PN 18 37 46.27 -17 05 46.8           ~ 56 0
86 PN M 1-59 PN 18 43 20.20 -09 04 49.1           ~ 98 1
87 M 57 PN 18 53 35.0967659112 +33 01 44.883287544   15.405 15.769 15.901 16.062 DA(O?) 831 2
88 NGC 6741 PN 19 02 37.10 -00 26 56.7     9.6     ~ 346 0
89 NGC 6772 PN 19 14 36.373 -02 42 25.04   17.01       ~ 148 0
90 IRAS 19128+0227 Mi* 19 15 21.4742168904 +02 33 02.085158556   16.98 14.79 15.63   ~ 23 1
91 NGC 6778 PN 19 18 25.0 -01 35 47     14.8     ~ 256 0
92 NGC 6781 PN 19 18 28.085 +06 32 19.29     11.8     ~ 261 0
93 IRAS 19170+1706 PN 19 19 18.7059814104 +17 11 48.877947312   16.390 14.958 14.753   O(H)9I 25 0
94 NGC 6790 PN 19 22 56.972976 +01 30 46.40112   12.247 10.504 12.684   wels 322 0
95 PN Vy 2-2 PN 19 24 22.2390166933 +09 53 56.259102426   14.02 12.65 13.38   O-rich 261 0
96 HD 184738 PN 19 34 45.2337620448 +30 30 58.950651240   10.41 10.44     [WC9] 952 0
97 NGC 6833 PN 19 49 46.5667474512 +48 57 40.113276876           ~ 173 0
98 M 27 PN 19 59 36.3631850088 +22 43 16.312059552   13.749 14.089 14.247 14.405 DAO.6 588 0
99 NGC 7008 PN 21 00 32.817600 +54 32 35.37600       13.21   ~ 240 1
100 NGC 7026 PN 21 06 18.5723414928 +47 51 06.774735780   15.33 15.1     [WC3] 418 1
101 NGC 7027 PN 21 07 01.571952 +42 14 10.47120   10.358 8.831 10.157   ~ 2457 1
102 NGC 7048 PN 21 14 15.1876901775 +46 17 17.103824106           ~ 132 1
103 IRAS 21190+5140 HII 21 20 44.8 +51 53 28           ~ 131 2
104 [D75b] Em* 21-021 PN 21 29 58.4711786760 +51 04 00.323924520   15.66 14.20 13.89   O7(f)/[WC11] 244 0
105 IC 5117 PN 21 32 30.96912 +44 35 47.5404           ~ 301 1
106 PN Hu 1-2 PN 21 33 08.3106242400 +39 38 09.554428752     12.0     ~ 286 1
107 PN K 4-45 Y*O 21 35 21.061 +53 47 11.21           ~ 55 2
108 PN M 2-49 PN 21 43 17.60 +50 25 14.4           ~ 43 0
109 PN M 2-51 PN 22 16 03.890 +57 28 33.75           ~ 82 0
110 IC 5217 PN 22 23 55.7180137224 +50 58 00.464340252     15.5     [WC7] 306 0
111 PN Me 2-2 PN 22 31 43.6753782000 +47 48 03.836846628   9.3       ~ 154 0
112 NGC 7662 PN 23 25 53.8318792825 +42 32 05.835828380       11.427   ~ 926 0
113 PN Hb 12 PN 23 26 14.8236376464 +58 10 54.543292356   13.51 11.49 12.44   Oe 329 0
114 PN M 2-55 PN 23 31 52.708 +70 22 10.11           ~ 83 0
115 PN M 2-56 pA* 23 56 36.4049726352 +70 48 18.246610008   19.81   17.27 17.64 Be 93 0

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